Congenital urinary tract dilation resolves spontaneously in 96.2% of children over 3 to 44 months follow-up.

This retrospective cohort study included 341 children diagnosed with congenital urinary tract dilation at Adiyaman University Pediatric Nephrology Clinic. The population was classified by ultrasonographic anteroposterior diameter and followed for 3 to 44 months, with a mean duration of 11 ± 6.3 months. No comparator group was reported as the study design was observational.

The primary outcome assessed spontaneous resolution, need for advanced imaging, surgical interventions, and postoperative follow-up. Resolution of urinary tract dilation occurred in 96.2% of patients. Surgical intervention was required in 22.6% of the cohort. Among those requiring surgery, the rate was significantly higher in severe cases at 56.1% compared to 3.7% in mild-to-moderate cases. The overall severity distribution showed 36.2% severe cases and 63.8% mild-to-moderate cases. The mean ultrasonographic anteroposterior diameter was 14.4 ± 7.0 mm. The patient population was 71.3% male.

Safety and tolerability data were not reported in this study. No adverse events, serious adverse events, discontinuations, or tolerability metrics were provided. The study limitations note that etiology, clinical and radiological characteristics, and indications for intervention remain confusing and subject to ongoing debate. Funding or conflicts of interest were not reported.

Clinicians should evaluate the etiology, clinical and radiological characteristics of congenital urinary tract dilation, and assess the timing and outcomes of spontaneous resolution, advanced imaging, surgical interventions, and postoperative follow-up. The results are observational and do not establish causality.