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Exercise improves sleep questionnaire scores for sedentary adults with insomnia across multiple modalitiesDifferent types of exercise improve sleep for people with insomnia

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Key Takeaway
Consider tailored exercise programs as a significant non-pharmacological intervention for improving sleep scores in insomnia.

This network meta-analysis synthesized data from 31 RCTs involving 1,420 sedentary adults with insomnia to evaluate the impact of various exercise types including aerobic exercise (AE), resistance training (RT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), mind-body exercise (ME), and mixed modalities (MIX). The primary outcome was sleep questionnaire scores (SCORE).

The analysis found significant improvements in SCORE across all groups (Hedges' g = 1.00, 95% CI [0.59-1.41]). Notable subgroup effects included the largest improvements in adults aged 45 to 59 (Hedges' g = 1.97) and significant improvements for interventions lasting 0 to 8 weeks (Hedges' g = 7.18). Additionally, overweight participants showed significant improvement (Hedges' g = 0.27), and female-only cohorts showed significant improvement (Hedges' g = 0.95).

Secondary outcomes including sleep efficiency (SE), total sleep time (TST), and wake time after sleep onset (WASO) were improved by prolonged time of exercise (PTE). Aerobic exercise (AE) was associated with enhanced SE, TST, and sleep quality (SQ), while MIX and ME also showed positive effects on SE and TST. The authors note limited evidence for some specific modalities, suggesting that results should be interpreted cautiously. These findings support tailored exercise selection for sedentary adults with insomnia.

How this fits prior evidence

This finding extends the non-pharmacological management of insomnia by providing evidence for physical activity as a viable intervention. It complements existing evidence regarding nurse-administered acupressure for menopausal insomnia and Tuina-based combination therapies for insomnia, which are also non-pharmacological approaches. While this meta-analysis focuses on exercise modalities rather than TCM techniques or neural dysfunction patterns, it adds to the breadth of options for managing sleep quality in diverse populations.

If you struggle to fall asleep or stay asleep at night, finding the right way to move your body might be a key piece of the puzzle. A large review of 31 different trials involving over 1,400 adults found that exercise significantly improves sleep scores for people living with insomnia.

The study looked at several types of movement, including aerobic exercise, resistance training, and high-intensity interval training. It also looked at mind-body exercises and longer workout sessions. The results showed that while many forms of exercise help, some specific types might offer different benefits. For example, longer workouts helped with sleep efficiency and total time spent asleep, while aerobic exercise specifically improved those same areas.

While the findings are promising for sedentary adults, it is important to note that the evidence for some specific types of exercise is still limited. Because not every type of movement was studied equally, doctors suggest choosing a routine that fits your personal needs and goals. If you have insomnia, talking to a healthcare provider can help you pick the best way to start moving.

What this means for you:
Various forms of exercise, including aerobic and mind-body routines, significantly improve sleep for people with insomnia.

Common questions

What types of exercise help with insomnia?

The study found that several types of exercise help: aerobic exercise, resistance training, high-intensity interval training, and mind-body exercises. While all these forms showed significant improvement in sleep scores, longer workout sessions specifically helped improve sleep efficiency and total sleep time.

Who specifically saw the most benefit from exercise for sleep?

The data showed that adults between the ages of 45 and 59 saw the largest improvements in their sleep scores. Additionally, significant improvements were noted for women and individuals who are overweight.

How quickly do these results start to show?

The study found significant improvements in sleep scores for programs lasting between 0 and 8 weeks, as well as those lasting between 8 and 16 weeks. You should talk to your doctor about the best timeline for your specific needs.

Study Details

Study typeSystematic review
EvidenceLevel 1
Follow-up1.8 mo
PublishedJan 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BACKGROUND: The widespread prevalence of sleep disturbances poses substantial challenges to both public health and individual well-being. Exercise may serve as an effective non-pharmacological intervention. However, the comparative efficacy of different exercise modalities and the influence of participant or intervention characteristics on treatment response remain unclear. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified from PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, EBSCO, and Scopus (inception to November 2024). A total of 31 RCTs ( = 1,420) evaluating aerobic exercise (AE), resistance training (RT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), mind-body exercise (ME), prolonged time of exercise (PTE), and mixed modalities (MIX) on sleep outcomes in sedentary adults with insomnia were included. Study quality was assessed using the Jadad scale, and analyses were performed in Stata 17.0 using a random-effects model. RESULTS: This study aimed to explore the effects of different types of exercise on sleep outcomes (sleep questionnaire score (SCORE), sleep latency (SL), sleep efficiency (SE), total sleep time (TST), sleep quality (SQ), and wake time after sleep onset (WASO)). The meta-analysis showed that exercise significantly improved SCORE (Hedges' g = 1.00, 95% CI [0.59-1.41]). Subgroup analyses indicated that the largest improvements occurred in individuals aged 45-59 (Hedges' g = 1.97, 95% CI [0.10-3.84]), those classified as overweight (Hedges' g = 0.27, 95% CI [0.04-0.51], and in interventions lasting 0-8 weeks (Hedges' g = 7.18, 95% CI [5.87-8.48]) or 8-16 weeks (Hedges' g = 0.73, 95% CI [0.32-1.13]). A significant effect was also observed in female-only samples (Hedges' g = 0.95, 95% CI [0.04-1.87]). Network meta-analysis further suggested that: (1) PTE improved SCORE, SE, TST, WASO, and SQ; (2) AE enhanced SE, TST, and SQ; (3) both MIX and ME had positive effects on SE and TST. CONCLUSION: Different exercise modalities show distinct benefits for specific sleep outcomes in sedentary adults with insomnia: PTE improved multiple domains (SCORE, SE, TST, WASO, SQ), AE enhanced SE, TST, and SQ, and MIX and mind-ME benefited SE and TST. Programs lasting 8-16 weeks yielded the most consistent effects. These findings support tailored exercise selection, though results should be interpreted cautiously due to limited evidence for some modalities.
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