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Current literature lacks research on myocardial infarction warning signs within transgender and gender diverse populations in the United States

Current literature lacks research on myocardial infarction warning signs within transgender and…
Photo by Robina Weermeijer / Unsplash
Key Takeaway
Research is urgently needed to define myocardial infarction symptoms in transgender and gender diverse populations to improve heart health education.

This brief literature review examines the current state of knowledge regarding myocardial infarction warning signs in transgender and gender diverse individuals. The analysis reveals a significant absence of data specifically addressing how these patients experience cardiac events. Consequently, standard warning signs may not accurately reflect the reality for this population.

Further investigation is required to establish a standard of care for educating these patients about their heart health. Without specific data, clinicians lack the tools to provide tailored guidance on recognizing early symptoms of cardiovascular disease. This knowledge gap poses a risk to patient safety and timely intervention.

The review concludes that urgent research is necessary to fill these voids. Future studies must focus on the unique presentation of myocardial infarction in transgender and gender diverse people. Only through dedicated inquiry can healthcare systems develop effective strategies to protect this vulnerable group from preventable heart disease.

Study Details

Study typeSystematic review
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedJun 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and has garnered several avenues of efforts to reduce incidence and mortality in patient populations. There has also been an increase in reported populations of transgender and gender diverse individuals as well as a reported increased risk for cardiovascular disease in this population. Despite this, there is no current research assessing warning signs of myocardial infarction and no standard of care exists for educating transgender and gender diverse individuals regarding their heart health. This article reviews the known literature on interactions between gender affirming hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease and highlights the need for more research of myocardial infarction onset symptoms in transgender and gender diverse populations to provide better heart health education and care.
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