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High prevalence of secondary traumatic stress among nurses influenced by age and work experienceOver Half of Nurses Face Secondary Traumatic Stress

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Key Takeaway
Recognize the high prevalence of secondary traumatic stress in nurses and its association with age and experience.

This meta-analysis investigated the prevalence of secondary traumatic stress (STS) among nurses across various studies. The analysis found a high pooled prevalence of STS in the nursing population. Furthermore, researchers identified significant associations between STS and several factors, including mean age, years of work experience, geographic region, and publication year.

The data indicated that younger nurses and those with less experience showed different patterns of stress compared to their more experienced peers. Additionally, variations were noted based on geographical locations in North America and Europe, as well as changes in reporting over time. These findings highlight the widespread nature of STS within the nursing profession.

While the study identifies significant associations, it is important to note that these are derived from observational data and do not imply direct causation. The results suggest that STS is a prevalent issue influenced by demographic and professional factors. Clinicians and administrators should consider these findings when developing multi-level support systems and regular assessment protocols for nursing staff.

A large review of data involving over 7,000 nurses found that the prevalence of secondary traumatic stress is high. The study calculated a pooled prevalence of 57.3 percent among nursing staff. This means more than half of the nurses surveyed showed signs of this type of stress.

The research also looked at what factors might influence these levels. It found significant links between stress and several factors, including age and years of work experience. The study also noted differences based on where the nurses worked and when the data was collected, specifically noting changes during and after the COVID-19 period.

Because this is a meta-analysis of observational studies, these results show links rather than direct causes. These findings suggest that nursing staff may need regular check-ins and better support systems to manage the emotional toll of their work. You should speak with a healthcare professional or employer for specific support.

What this means for you:
Over half of nurses experience secondary traumatic stress, which is linked to age, experience, and location.

Common questions

How common is secondary traumatic stress among nurses?

The study found a pooled prevalence of 57.3 percent for secondary traumatic stress among nurses. This means that more than half of the nurses in the study showed signs of this condition.

Do age and experience affect how much stress a nurse feels?

Yes, the data shows significant associations between secondary traumatic stress and both mean age and years of work experience. These findings suggest that these factors play a role in the levels of stress reported by nurses.

Did the COVID-19 pandemic impact these findings?

The study found significant associations with publication years during and after the COVID-19 period. This suggests that timing and environmental factors may influence the prevalence of secondary traumatic stress in nursing populations.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedJun 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BackgroundThe reported prevalence of secondary traumatic stress (STS) among nurses varies considerably across studies, ranging from 22. 1 to 84.4%. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of STS and identify potential moderating factors among nurses.MethodsFrom the inception of each target database to April 2026, a comprehensive search was performed across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. We calculated the pooled prevalence of STS using a random-effects model and assessed heterogeneity using the I2 statistic. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 28 studies comprising 7,090 nurses were included. The pooled prevalence of STS in nurses was 57.3% (95% CI: 49.7-64.9%). STS prevalence was significantly associated with mean age (β = −0.064, p = 0.023), work experience (β = −0.080, p = 0.040), publication year (during COVID-19: β = 0.979, p = 0.024; after COVID-19: β = 0.848, p = 0.030), and geographic region (North America: β = −0.881, p = 0.019; Europe: β = −1.031, p = 0.005).ConclusionsOur findings indicated that STS was very prevalent in nurses, and the prevalence is moderated by mean age, work experience, publication year, and geographic region. Regular STS assessments and multi-level support systems, such as early warning, peer support, and mental health training, are recommended to reduce STS risk and enhance the wellbeing of nurses.
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