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Anosmia and taste dysfunction occur in 44% and 46% of COVID-19 patients respectivelyCOVID-19 smell and taste loss common in Saudi patients

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Key Takeaway
Note that anosmia (44%) and taste dysfunction (46%) are common manifestations of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabian populations.

This meta-analysis synthesized data from 26,068 confirmed COVID-19 patients across inpatient, outpatient, and community settings in Saudi Arabia. The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of anosmia and taste dysfunction among infected individuals.

The analysis reported a pooled prevalence of 44% (95% CI: 37-52%) for anosmia and a pooled prevalence of 46% (95% CI: 39-54%) for taste dysfunction. These findings indicate that olfactory and gustatory impairments are common manifestations of COVID-19 in this region.

The authors noted several limitations, including significant methodological heterogeneity among the included studies and a heavy reliance on self-reported measures rather than validated clinical assessments. Additionally, the lack of prospectively registered protocols for the included studies may impact certainty.

Clinicians should recognize these sensory deficits as common manifestations in COVID-19 patients. However, because the data are derived from heterogeneous sources and often rely on subjective reporting, the specific prevalence rates should be interpreted with caution when managing patients in clinical practice.

A new analysis of COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia finds that loss of smell and taste are very common symptoms. The study pooled data from multiple studies, including more than 26,000 people with confirmed COVID-19. It found that about 44% experienced anosmia, or loss of smell, and about 46% had taste dysfunction. These numbers come with a range: the true figure could be as low as 37% or as high as 54% for either symptom.

The analysis included patients from hospitals, outpatient clinics, and community settings across Saudi Arabia. Most of the studies relied on patients reporting their own symptoms, which can affect accuracy. The researchers also noted that the studies were quite different in their methods, which makes it harder to combine their results.

No information was provided on side effects or safety, because this was not a treatment study. The findings simply describe how often these symptoms occur in this population.

Because the studies were not all designed the same way and relied on self-reports, the results should be interpreted with caution. Still, they suggest that if you or someone you know has COVID-19, losing smell or taste is a common experience. This knowledge can help patients and doctors know what to expect.

What this means for you:
Loss of smell and taste affect nearly half of COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia, but study limitations mean caution is needed.

Common questions

Who was included in this study?

The study included confirmed COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia, from inpatient, outpatient, and community settings. In total, the analysis covered 26,068 patients from multiple studies.

What are the limitations of this study?

The researchers noted that the studies were methodologically different and mostly relied on self-reported symptoms. Also, the analysis did not have a prospectively registered protocol. These limitations mean the findings should be interpreted with caution.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedJul 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
ObjectivesPatients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) frequently report olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, including anosmia and ageusia. Multiple studies have assessed the prevalence of these symptoms in COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of anosmia and taste dysfunction in confirmed COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia across inpatient, outpatient, and community settings, from March 2020 to March 2023.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines. No review protocol was prospectively registered prior to this review. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar (supplementary) from 1 March 2020 to 1 March 2023. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools for prevalence studies.ResultsOf 230 records identified across all databases, 156 remained after deduplication; 24 met the eligibility criteria, encompassing 26,068 COVID-19 patients (58.2% female). The pooled prevalence of anosmia was 44% (95% CI: 37–52%) and of taste dysfunction was 46% (95% CI: 39–54%). Subgroup analyses comparing validated versus non-validated assessment instruments revealed no statistically significant difference in prevalence estimates.ConclusionAnosmia and taste loss are common manifestations of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. The findings should be interpreted with caution given the methodological heterogeneity of included studies, reliance on self-reported measures in the majority of studies, and the absence of a prospectively registered protocol. Future studies using objective validated instruments are warranted.
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