Mode
Text Size
Log in / Sign up

Systematic review links slower Timed Up-and-Go test to higher fracture risk in older adultsSlower movement test results linked to higher chance of breaking bones in older adults

AI-generated summary of the cited source, checked by automated accuracy review. How we work

Key Takeaway
Note that slower Timed Up-and-Go scores associate with higher fracture risk in older adults.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the relationship between Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test performance and fracture risk among older people. The authors synthesized data from a large cohort involving 1,639,397 participants to assess the association of fracture risk with slower TUG completion times. The study setting and follow-up duration were not reported in the source material.

The meta-analysis found that slower TUG performance was associated with a higher risk of hip fractures from all causes, with a hazard ratio of 1.64 and a 95% CI of 1.20–2.22. For overall fractures involving the femur, spine lumbar, pelvis, forearm, and proximal humerus, the hazard ratio was 1.38 with a 95% CI of 1.05–1.80. The association with vertebral fractures was weaker, showing a hazard ratio of 1.11 and a 95% CI of 1.03–1.20.

The authors note that the evidence reflects an association rather than causation. Absolute numbers for adverse events, discontinuations, or tolerability were not reported. The study limitations include the lack of reported setting details and follow-up duration. Clinicians should interpret these pooled effect sizes as indicators of potential risk stratification rather than definitive causal links.

Doctors looked at data from over 1.6 million older people to see how movement speed affects bone safety. They used a simple check where patients stand up from a chair and walk a short distance. This is called the Timed Up-and-Go test. Taking more time to do this task means a person moves more slowly.

The study showed that moving slowly is connected to a higher chance of breaking bones. People who took longer on the test had about 64 percent higher risk of hip breaks. They also had a 38 percent higher chance of breaking bones in other places like the arm or leg.

Even small changes in movement speed matter for bone safety. Those with slower times had an 11 percent higher risk of spine breaks. This information helps health workers find patients who might need extra care to stay safe from falling and hurting themselves.

The main point is that this easy test can warn doctors about future breaks. Knowing a patient moves slowly helps them plan better ways to keep the person safe. This simple check is a useful tool for protecting older adults from serious injuries.

What this means for you:
Moving slowly on a simple test means a higher chance of breaking bones, helping doctors keep older people safe.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedMay 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence from prospective cohort studies assessing the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test as association of fracture risk in older people, and to quantify the association through meta-analysis using hazard ratios (HR).MethodsTwo authors independently conducted systematic searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, and the Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. MEDLINE was accessed through PubMed and was therefore not treated as a separate database. The Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection was included because it may capture studies addressing behavioral, psychological, and functional factors relevant to fracture risk. Eligible cohort studies were those that examined the association between slower TUG performance, reflected by longer completion time in seconds, and all-cause fractures in older people. HR estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis after assessment of between-study heterogeneity.ResultsTwo authors independently extracted the data. Six studies with 1,639,397 participants. A low TUG score was associated with hip fractures from all causes (HR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.20–2.22), as well as with overall fractures (femur, spine lumbar, pelvis, forearm and proximal humerus; HR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.05–1.80). However, a modest but statistically significant association was observed for vertebral fractures (HR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.03–1.20).ConclusionPoor performance on the TUG test is associated with hip fractures and overall fractures in older people.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251244709, identifier PROSPERO (CRD420251244709).
Free Newsletter

Clinical research that matters. Delivered to your inbox.

Join thousands of clinicians and researchers. No spam, unsubscribe anytime.