A large review of 90 different studies looked at how breathing polluted air affects mental health. The researchers specifically looked at the link between various types of air pollution and conditions like depression and postpartum depression.
The findings showed that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was associated with an increased risk of depression. Specifically, for every 1 μg m-3 increase in these pollutants, the risk of depression went up slightly. These results were consistent across several types of air pollution measured in the study.
Because the studies included were very different from one another, it is hard to say exactly how much these factors affect everyone individually. While the link between air quality and mental health is clear, this research shows an association rather than a direct cause. Talk with your doctor or a local health expert to understand how local air quality might affect your personal health.
Common questions
What specific types of air pollution are linked to depression?
The study found links between several pollutants. These include nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), black carbon (BC), and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). The strongest associations were noted with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide.
How much does air pollution increase the risk of depression?
The study found a statistically significant link for several pollutants. For example, every 1 μg m-3 increase in particulate matter (PM2.5) was associated with a 1.044 risk increase. Similarly, a 1 μg m-3 increase in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was associated with a 1.011 risk increase.
Does this mean air pollution causes depression?
The study shows an association between air pollution and depression, not a direct cause. Because the studies included were very different from each other, the results may not apply perfectly to everyone. You should speak with a healthcare professional regarding your specific health concerns.
