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Retrospective reports of pain intensity are significantly higher than daily diary reports in JFMTeenagers with fibromyalgia report more pain when looking back

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Key Takeaway
Note that retrospective reports of pain intensity are significantly higher than daily diary reports in adolescents with JFM.

This randomized controlled trial enrolled 317 adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM) to evaluate the accuracy of different pain reporting methods. The study compared daily diary reports of pain intensity against one-week retrospective reports over a 3-month follow-up period.

Primary results indicated that retrospective reports of pain intensity were significantly higher than diary reports across time. Secondary outcomes, including the Children's Depression Inventory-2, Functional Disability Inventory, and Pain Catastrophizing Scale, were also assessed. However, the magnitude of discrepancies between reporting methods was not significantly predicted by functional disability, depressive symptoms, or pain catastrophizing.

Safety and tolerability data were not reported. A noted limitation is that the potential role of cognitive biases, such as threat interpretation, saliency, or recency bias, was not fully explored. These findings suggest that retrospective reporting may be less reliable than real-time diary tracking for monitoring pain in adolescents with JFM.

How this fits prior evidence

How this fits prior evidence: This study addresses a gap in understanding how patients with fibromyalgia perceive and report pain over time. While prior coverage noted that fibromyalgia as an oncology comorbidity increases symptom burden and that paraprobiotic supplementation was associated with improved bodily pain in women with fibromyalgia over 2 months, this study specifically highlights the discrepancy between retrospective and prospective reporting in a pediatric population.

Living with fibromyalgia as a teenager is hard. It is a condition that causes chronic pain and makes daily tasks difficult. Because of this, how a young person tracks and describes their pain can change how doctors understand their experience.

Researchers looked at 317 adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia to see how they reported their pain. They compared two ways of tracking: writing down pain in a daily diary versus looking back at the past week and reporting the pain all at once. The study found that the kids reported significantly higher pain levels when they looked back at the week rather than recording it day by day.

While the study looked at factors like depression and how much the kids struggled with daily tasks, these factors did not change how much the reports differed. The researchers noted that the difference might be caused by how the brain remembers events or focuses on certain moments. This suggests that consistent daily tracking might offer a different picture of a child's daily experience.

What this means for you:
Teenagers with fibromyalgia report higher pain levels when looking back at a week rather than tracking it daily.

Common questions

How did the study measure pain in teenagers?

The study compared two methods for 317 adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia. They compared daily diary reports of pain intensity against one-week retrospective reports. The results showed that the retrospective reports were significantly higher than the daily diary reports over time.

Did factors like depression affect how much pain was reported?

Researchers looked at whether things like depression, functional disability, or pain catastrophizing predicted the difference in reports. They found that the magnitude of these discrepancies was not significantly predicted by those factors.

Study Details

Study typeRct
EvidenceLevel 2
Follow-up3.0 mo
PublishedOct 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
Self-report is the gold standard for assessing pain intensity, although the method of acquiring pain reports may influence the ratings obtained. Retrospective reports of pain intensity are often found to be elevated relative to daily diary reports, possibly due to recall bias and the influence of psychosocial factors on memory. In this study, we sought to examine differences between retrospective reporting of average pain intensity in the past week vs averaged daily diary reporting of pain intensity in a sample of adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM). We also sought to determine the predictive effects of pain catastrophizing, functional disability, and depressive symptoms on discrepancies between retrospective and daily diary report. As part of a randomized controlled trial, 317 adolescents with JFM ( Mage = 15.7, SD = 1.6, 88.4% female) completed daily diary and one-week retrospective pain intensity measures, the Children's Depression Inventory-2, Functional Disability Inventory, and Pain Catastrophizing Scale at baseline, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. We examined the predictive effects of psychosocial factors on mean differences between averaged daily and one-week retrospective reports of pain intensity. Retrospective reports of pain intensity were significantly higher than diary reports across time. A longitudinal multiple linear regression model showed that the magnitude of discrepancies between daily diary and retrospective reports was not significantly predicted by functional disability, depressive symptoms, or pain catastrophizing. These findings raise the possibility that other factors such as cognitive biases (eg, threat interpretation, saliency, recency bias) may play a larger role than psychosocial factors in explaining pain reporting discrepancies.
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