Mode
Text Size
Log in / Sign up

Elevated nocturnal respiratory rate is associated with increased odds of diabetes mellitus in large cohortsHigher Nocturnal Respiratory Rates Linked to Increased Diabetes Risk

AI-generated summary of the cited source, checked by automated accuracy review. How we work

Key Takeaway
Note that patients with a nocturnal respiratory rate over 18 brpm have significantly higher odds of diabetes mellitus.

This meta-analysis synthesized data from four large observational cohorts (SHHS, HCHS/SOL, MrOS, and WSC) involving over 25,000 individuals to examine the relationship between nocturnal respiratory rate (NRR) and diabetes mellitus (DM). The analysis found that for every 1 brpm increase in NRR, the unadjusted odds of DM increased by a factor of 1.10 (95% CI: 1.04-1.17). After multivariable adjustment, the odds of DM per 1 brpm increase in NRR remained significantly higher at 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02-1.11).

A specific threshold of 18 brpm was identified as a significant indicator. At this level, the unadjusted odds of DM were 1.77 (95% CI: 1.23-2.55, P=0.0022). Following multivariable adjustment, the odds of DM at an NRR of 18 brpm remained elevated at 1.49 (95% CI: 1.10-2.02, P=0.0098).

The authors note that while a correlation exists between higher NRR and DM prevalence in stable outpatients, the specific mechanism, such as autonomic neuropathy, was not confirmed by this study. Therefore, these findings should be interpreted as an association rather than a confirmed diagnostic tool for early complications of DM.

Researchers analyzed data from over 25,000 people to look at the link between breathing patterns and health. They specifically looked at the nocturnal respiratory rate, which is how many breaths a person takes per minute while sleeping. The study found that for every increase of one breath per minute, there was an increased risk of having diabetes.

The data showed a particularly strong link when the breathing rate reached 18 breaths per minute or higher. Patients with these higher rates were significantly more likely to have a diagnosis of diabetes. This finding suggests that breathing patterns during sleep may be linked to certain health conditions.

It is important to note that this study shows a link, not a direct cause. The researchers did not confirm the exact biological reason for this connection. Because this was an observational analysis of existing data, it cannot be used to diagnose a condition or predict future health issues on its own.

What this means for you:
Higher breathing rates at night are linked to higher odds of diabetes, but more research is needed to know why.

Common questions

What did the study find about breathing and diabetes?

The study found that for every 1 breath per minute increase in nocturnal respiratory rate, there were increased odds of having diabetes. Specifically, when the breathing rate reached a threshold of 18 breaths per minute, the risk was significantly higher compared to lower rates.

Does a high breathing rate mean I have diabetes?

No, this study only shows a link between breathing rates and diabetes. It does not confirm that one causes the other or that a high rate means you have a condition. You should speak with your doctor to discuss what these numbers mean for your specific health.

How many people were included in this research?

The study was large and included over 25,000 individuals from four different groups. This large sample size helped researchers identify a consistent link between breathing rates and the prevalence of diabetes in those with elevated rates.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedJun 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes autonomic neuropathy, which may alter nocturnal respiratory rate (NRR). To test the association between DM and NRR, we analyzed elective polysomnograms of four large observational cohorts. Research Design and Methods: We performed cross-sectional analysis of over 25,000 individuals with polysomnograms (PSGs) from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS), Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS), and Wisconsin Sleep Cohort (WSC). Patient-level NRRs were derived from inductance plethysmography waveforms. DM status was determined by self-report, physician diagnosis, medication use, or laboratory values, depending on the cohort. We related DM and NRR (continuous and dichotomized) using logistic regression models and adjusted for potential confounders. Cohort-specific results were combined using random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Meta-analysis of unadjusted models showed a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.10 (95% CI:1.04-1.17) for each breath-per-minute (brpm) increase in NRR. This association remained significant after multivariable adjustment (OR:1.06, 95% CI:1.02-1.11). Dichotomized analyses similarly showed higher odds of DM across dichotomization thresholds ranging from 15 to 21 brpm. At a threshold of 18 brpm, the unadjusted pooled OR was 1.77 (95% CI:1.23-2.55, P=0.0022), and the adjusted OR was 1.49 (95% CI:1.10-2.02, P=0.0098). Conclusions: Clinically stable outpatients with elevated NRR have an increased prevalence of DM. Additional studies are needed to investigate whether the mechanism is autonomic neuropathy and whether monitoring NRR can detect early complications of DM.
Free Newsletter

Clinical research that matters. Delivered to your inbox.

Join thousands of clinicians and researchers. No spam, unsubscribe anytime.