N/A
Completed N=89
Association Between Smoking, Brain Activity, Genes, and ADHD
Smoking · Withdrawal Nicotine · Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00915798 ↗
Enrolled (actual)
89
Serious AEs
0.0%
Results posted
Jan 2017
Primary outcomePrimary: Brain Activity — 2.08; 2.01; 2.24; 2.30 z-score — p=0.46
Summary
The study investigated the underlying mechanisms of smoking in young adults by examining the associations between smoking, brain activity, dopamine genes, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Outcome Measures
| Outcome | Result | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| PRIMARY Brain Activity |
2.08; 2.01; 2.24; 2.30; 2.19; 2.26 | 0.46 |
| SECONDARY DRD4 Genotype |
1; 5; 2; 10; 5; 1 | — |
| SECONDARY Salivary Cotinine |
100.06; 24.53; 104.99; 23.13 | — |
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- Smokers with ADHD
- Cigarette smoking for the last year
- ADHD diagnosis
- Nonsmokers with ADHD
- No history of regularly smoking cigarettes
- ADHD diagnosis
- Normative control smokers
- Cigarette smoking for the last year
- No history and diagnosis of ADHD
- Normative control nonsmokers
- No history of regularly smoking cigarettes
- No history and diagnosis of ADHD
Exclusion Criteria
- Children under the age of 18
- Adults above the age of 45
- Pregnancy or planning to become pregnant
- Any major medical illness
- Any mental disorders that require medication (except stimulant medication)
- Any contraindications to fMRI scanning
- Not speaking English
Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00915798). Outcome figures and adverse-event rates are extracted automatically from the registry's posted results and are provided for clinician reference, not as a substitute for the primary publication. Informational only — not medical advice.