Phase 2
N=41
Pembrolizumab Plus Bevacizumab for Treatment of Brain Metastases in Metastatic Melanoma or Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Melanoma · Non-small Cell Lung Cancer · Brain Metastasis
Bottom Line
View on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02681549 ↗Enrolled (actual)
41
Serious AEs
11.9%
Results posted
Aug 2025
Primary outcome: Primary: Brain Metastasis Response Rate (BMRR) — 54.1; 75 percentage of participants
Study Design & Population
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Interventions
- Pembrolizumab plus Bevacizumab (Drug)
- Age
- Adult, Older Adult · 18+ yrs
- Sex
- All
- Sponsor
- Yale University
- Primary completion
- Sep 2024
Outcome Measures
| Outcome | Result | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| PRIMARY Brain Metastasis Response Rate (BMRR) |
54.1; 75 | — |
| SECONDARY Steroid Use |
3; 1 | — |
| SECONDARY Overall Response Rate (ORR) |
54.1; 75; 56.3; 75 | — |
| SECONDARY Progression-free Survival (PFS) |
2.2; NA; 1.2; NA | — |
| SECONDARY Safety and Toxicity of Combination Pembrolizumab and Bevacizumab Assessed Using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v. 4. |
32; 3 | — |
Summary
The purpose of this phase 2 trial is to study the activity of pembrolizumab in combination with bevacizumab in patients with untreated brain metastases from melanoma or NSCLC to determine activity and safety of the drug combination. Furthermore, in patients who undergo resection of biopsy of a brain metastasis, we will evaluate biomarkers predictive of treatment benefit, and will also conduct correlative biomarker studies on extra-cerebral specimens in all patients in whom a systemic biopsy is feasible or in archival tumor tissue when available.
A total of 53 eligible patients will be enrolled on this trial (40 with melanoma and 13 with NSCLC). Individual cohorts of the study can be stopped if insufficient activity is observed in the first stage of that cohort. The study will accrue for approximately 84 months, and will be open for approximately 12 additional months as patients on study are being followed.
Eligibility Criteria
Major Inclusion Criteria:
- Biopsy proven metastatic melanoma or non-squamous NSCLC with at least one untreated brain metastasis that is at least 5 mm AND twice the MRI slice thickness, but less than 20 mm, which is asymptomatic and not requiring immediate local therapy or steroids.
- Patients who have had prior resection or biopsy of a CNS metastasis will be required to provide a paraffin embedded specimen from tumor taken at the time of surgery, if available.
- Patients will be required to undergo biopsy or submit archival tumor tissue from a systemic site of disease for correlative studies. When not feasible, this requirement can be waived after discussion with the principal investigators.
- PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue from any site determined by the Dako 22C3 assay is required for patients with NSCLC.
- Adequate organ function.
- ECOG performance status 1% in tumor tissue from any site is required for patients with NSCLC. Tumor tissue can be archival if no intercurrent systemic therapy was administered, however if no archival tissue is available or if intercurrent systemic therapy was administered, then a biopsy must be obtained for PD-L1 testing. PD-L1 expression must be obtained using the Dako 22C3 assay in a CLIA-certified laboratory. PD-L1 expression is not required for patients with melanoma.
- All patients are required to submit a tumor specimen for analysis (brain or extra-cerebral). A formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue block, or a 4mm punch from an FFPE block must be submitted. If it is not possible to safely obtain a biopsy due to anatomic location of tumors, and no prior tissue is available, this requirement may be waived upon discussion with the study PI or co-PI.
- Patients must have normal organ and marrow function (as defined in the protocol) at the time of screening.
- Female subject of childbearing potential should have a negative urine or serum pregnancy within 72 hours prior to receiving the first dose of study medication. If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required.
- Female subjects of childbearing potential should be willing to use 2 methods of birth control or be surgically sterile, or abstain from heterosexual activity for the course of the study through 120 days after the last dose of study medication. Subjects of childbearing potential are those who have not been surgically sterilized or have not been free from menses for > 1 year.
- Male subjects should agree to use an adequate method of contraception starting with the first dose of study therapy through 120 days after the last dose of study therapy.
Major Exclusion Criteria:
- Symptomatic brain metastases at the time of initiation of systemic therapy.
- Other systemic therapy within 14 days of initiation of study drug.
- Use of corticosteroids to control CNS symptoms. Low-dose steroid use (≤10 mg of prednisone or equivalent) is allowed.
- Presence of leptomeningeal disease.
- Presence of active autoimmune disease. Autoimmune thyroid disease will be allowed if thyroid function is within normal range.
Overall Exclusion Criteria:
- Symptomatic brain metastases. Any neurologic symptoms present must have resolved with local therapy by the time of administration of study drug.
- Patients with brain metastases for whom complete surgical resection is clinically appropriate.
- Patients with lung cancer with squamous histology.
- Has had prior chemotherapy or targeted small molecule therapy within 2 weeks prior to start of treatment or who has not recovered (i.e., ≤ Grade 1 or at baseline) from adverse events due to a previously administered agent. Previous radiation to extracranial sites may be completed at any time prior to initiation of pembrolizumab.
- Note: If subject received major surgery, they must have recovered adequately from the toxicity and/or complications from the intervention prior to starting therapy.
- Note: Toxicity that has not r
Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02681549). Outcome figures and adverse-event rates are extracted automatically from the registry's posted results and are provided for clinician reference, not as a substitute for the primary publication.