N/A
N=8,145
Online Food and Beverage Labels and Vending Machine Selections
Food Preferences · Obesity · Weight Gain
Bottom Line
View on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05432271 ↗Enrolled (actual)
8,145
Serious AEs
0.0%
Results posted
Dec 2023
Primary outcome: Primary: Number of Participants Purchasing Beverages With Calories — 1005; 765; 763; 748 Participants
Study Design & Population
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- N/A
- Interventions
- Exposure to calorie information (Behavioral); Exposure to healthy labels only (Behavioral); Exposure to healthiness information (Behavioral); Exposure to physical activity equivalents (Behavioral); Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels (Behavioral)
- Age
- Adult, Older Adult · 18+ yrs
- Sex
- All
- Sponsor
- University of Pennsylvania
- Primary completion
- Dec 2022
Outcome Measures
| Outcome | Result | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| PRIMARY Number of Participants Purchasing Beverages With Calories |
1005; 765; 763; 748; 847 | — |
| PRIMARY Calories Purchased From Beverages, if Beverage With Calories Chosen |
199; 190; 196; 184; 183 | — |
| PRIMARY Calories Purchased From Snacks |
183; 170; 169; 164; 169 | — |
| SECONDARY Likelihood of Selecting a Healthy Beverage |
311; 526; 601; 473; 412 | — |
| SECONDARY Likelihood of Selecting a Moderately Healthy Beverage |
459; 471; 420; 564; 549 | — |
| SECONDARY Likelihood of Selecting a Less Healthy Beverage |
822; 590; 567; 552; 626 | — |
| SECONDARY Likelihood of Selecting a Healthy Snack |
268; 480; 494; 384; 427 | — |
| SECONDARY Likelihood of Selecting a Moderately Healthy Snack |
677; 619; 673; 733; 706 | — |
| SECONDARY Likelihood of Selecting a Less Healthy Snack |
648; 488; 421; 473; 454 | — |
| SECONDARY Saturated Fat Purchased From Beverages |
0; 0; 0; 0; 0 | — |
| SECONDARY Sodium Purchased From Beverages |
94; 81; 71; 88; 93 | — |
| SECONDARY Total Sugar Purchased From Beverages |
33; 24; 24; 22; 25 | — |
| SECONDARY Saturated Fat Purchased From Snacks |
2.2; 1.8; 1.6; 1.7; 1.6 | — |
| SECONDARY Sodium Purchased From Snacks |
150; 153; 153; 142; 144 | — |
| SECONDARY Total Sugar Purchased From Snacks |
12; 9; 8; 9; 9 | — |
| SECONDARY Perceived Healthiness of a Healthy Beverage |
3.8; 4.0; 4.0; 4.0; 4.0 | — |
| SECONDARY Perceived Healthiness of a Moderately Healthy Beverage |
3.7; 3.5; 3.3; 3.6; 3.7 | — |
| SECONDARY Perceived Healthiness of a Less Healthy Beverage |
3.4; 3.2; 2.7; 3.0; 2.8 | — |
| SECONDARY Perceived Healthiness of a Healthy Snack |
3.3; 3.4; 3.6; 2.9; 3.1 | — |
| SECONDARY Perceived Healthiness of a Moderately Healthy Snack |
2.7; 2.7; 2.7; 2.6; 2.4 | — |
| SECONDARY Perceived Healthiness of a Less Healthy Snack |
2.3; 2.3; 2.0; 2.2; 2.0 | — |
| SECONDARY Noticing Trial Labels |
859; 675; 635; 623; 459; 538 | — |
| SECONDARY Degree of Perceived Label Influence on Beverage Selection |
2.6; 2.4; 2.6; 2.8; 3.0 | — |
| SECONDARY Degree of Perceived Label Influence on Snack Selection |
2.4; 2.4; 2.6; 2.8; 3.0 | — |
| SECONDARY Trust in Labels |
3.8; 3.5; 3.6; 3.7; 3.8 | — |
| SECONDARY Reactance to Labels |
1.9; 2.0; 2.2; 2.0; 2.1 | — |
| SECONDARY Attention to Labels |
3.3; 3.2; 3.4; 3.5; 3.5 | — |
| SECONDARY Learned From Labels |
2.7; 2.8; 3.1; 3.5; 3.2 | — |
| SECONDARY Thinking About Health Effects |
3.2; 3.0; 3.3; 3.4; 3.5 | — |
| SECONDARY Perceived Discouragement |
2.7; 2.5; 2.9; 3.1; 3.2 | — |
| SECONDARY Perceived Encouragement |
3.0; 3.0; 3.2; 3.3; 3.3 | — |
| SECONDARY Negative Emotional Reactions |
1.7; 1.5; 1.8; 1.9; 2.0 | — |
| SECONDARY Perceived Control in Response to Labels |
82; 55; 60; 80; 60; 769 | — |
| SECONDARY Perceived Personal Stigmatization |
1.9; 1.8; 2.1; 2.0; 2.1 | — |
| SECONDARY Perceived Obesity Stigma |
2.1; 1.9; 2.3; 2.2; 2.4 | — |
| SECONDARY Disgust Toward People With Obesity |
2.0; 1.9; 2.0; 1.9; 2.0 | — |
Summary
The aim of this study is to compare the impact of 5 different types of front of package (FOP) food and beverage labels: 1) calorie labels [control], 2) green labels on healthy foods, 3) red/yellow/green labels on less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy foods, 4) physical activity calorie equivalent labels, and 5) "High in" nutrient warning labels) on consumers' beverage and snack selections.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- Participants will be US adults
- Ages 18 or older
- With an over-sample of adults with lower educational attainment (some college or less)
Exclusion Criteria
- Younger than 18
- Non-US
- Educational quota filled
Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05432271). Outcome figures and adverse-event rates are extracted automatically from the registry's posted results and are provided for clinician reference, not as a substitute for the primary publication.