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Holmium laser fragmentation and laparoscopic excision treat urachal calculus in a 54-year-old manDoctors find bladder stone caused by a rare remnant tissue

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Key Takeaway
Consider urachal origin for midline bladder dome calcifications; combined laser and laparoscopic excision is feasible.

This is a case report with a literature review, not a systematic review or trial. It describes a single patient: a 54-year-old man with a urachal calculus. The report highlights the diagnostic challenge of a midline calcification at the bladder dome, which may appear intravesical but should prompt consideration of a urachal origin.

The patient underwent holmium laser fragmentation followed by laparoscopic partial cystectomy and en bloc excision of the urachal remnant and residual calculus. CT imaging revealed a 1.2 x 0.9 cm densely calcified lesion with an attenuation of approximately 1112 HU at the junction of the bladder dome and anterior wall. Histopathological examination of the excised tissue showed an inflamed urachal remnant without intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, or malignancy.

The authors note that the patient was lost to follow-up, so recurrence could not be assessed. This is a significant limitation, as the long-term outcome remains unknown. No adverse events were reported, but the absence of follow-up limits safety conclusions.

For clinicians, this case underscores the importance of considering a urachal origin for midline bladder dome calcifications. The combined endoscopic and laparoscopic approach appears feasible, but evidence is limited to this single case. Further cases or series are needed to establish generalizable recommendations.

Imagine feeling a persistent issue in your bladder and finding out the cause is something you were born with. A 54-year-old man had a dense, calcified stone measuring about 1.2 by 0.9 centimeters located where his bladder meets his abdominal wall. While it looked like a standard stone, its specific location was unusual.

Doctors used laser technology and surgery to remove the mass along with the remaining tissue. They later discovered that the stone had formed on an inflamed urachal remnant. A urachus is a tube that normally disappears during fetal development; when it stays behind, it can become inflamed or develop stones over time.

Because this was a single case, we cannot know how common this is across larger groups of people. However, the findings remind doctors to look closely at any calcification near the top of the bladder. Even if it looks like it is inside the bladder, it might actually be an old piece of tissue that needs specific surgical attention.

What this means for you:
A large bladder stone was found to be a calcified remnant of a fetal tube rather than a typical stone.

Common questions

What caused the stone in this patient's bladder?

The stone, which measured 1.2 by 0.9 cm, formed on an inflamed urachal remnant. A urachus is a structure that normally disappears during fetal development. When it remains behind, it can become inflamed and develop calcification or stones.

Was the tissue found in the bladder cancerous?

No, the medical examination of the tissue showed inflammation but did not find any signs of malignancy, dysplasia, or intestinal metaplasia. The surgery successfully removed both the stone and the remaining remnant.

How was the stone and tissue removed?

The medical team used holmium laser fragmentation to break up the stone. They then performed a laparoscopic partial cystectomy and an en bloc excision to remove the urachal remnant and any remaining pieces of the calcified mass.

Study Details

Study typeSystematic review
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedAug 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BackgroundUrachal calculi are uncommon complications of urachal remnants. Their clinical and radiological appearances overlap with bladder calculi, vesicourachal diverticula, infected urachal cysts, and calcified urachal tumors, creating a potential diagnostic pitfall.Case descriptionA 54-year-old man presented with intermittent lower abdominal pain lasting more than six months without hematuria, dysuria, umbilical discharge, fever, or other lower urinary tract symptoms. Cystoscopy at a local hospital showed bladder inflammation but no stone. In our hospital, computed tomography demonstrated a 1.2 x 0.9 cm densely calcified lesion (approximately 1112 HU) at the junction of the bladder dome and anterior wall. The lesion appeared to lie within the bladder outline and initially mimicked a bladder diverticular calculus. Repeat cystoscopy at our institution identified a partially intravesical calculus with a component embedded in the urachal tract. The intravesical component was fragmented using a holmium laser, followed by laparoscopic partial cystectomy and en bloc excision of the urachal remnant and residual calculus. Histopathological examination showed an inflamed urachal remnant without intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, or malignancy. The urinary catheter was removed after 2 days, and the patient was discharged after a 7-day hospitalization. Post-discharge recurrence could not be assessed because the patient was lost to follow-up.ConclusionA midline calcification at the bladder dome should prompt consideration of a urachal origin even when it appears intravesical. Multiplanar CT assessment, systematic inspection of the bladder dome, and histological evaluation of the excised remnant are important for diagnosis and management.
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