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Robotic-assisted therapy improves gait and upper-limb function in adults with stroke compared to conventional therapyRobotic Assisted Therapy Improves Function for Stroke Patients

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Key Takeaway
Consider robotic-assisted therapy to improve gait and upper-limb function in stroke patients compared to conventional therapy.

This narrative review synthesizes evidence from 22 systematic reviews and meta-analyses to evaluate the efficacy of robotic-assisted therapy (RAT) for stroke rehabilitation. The review focuses on functional outcomes, specifically gait and upper-limb function, and assesses the economic feasibility and implementation barriers of RAT in the Indonesian context.

The synthesis indicates that robotic-assisted therapy results in improved functional outcomes for both gait and upper-limb function when compared to conventional therapy. Regarding economic feasibility, the review reports an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US$236.23 to 752.31 per QEO for upper-limb rehabilitation and US$558.86 to 4,890 per QEO for gait-related rehabilitation. These economic figures are based on a scenario-based model.

The authors note that the evidence is limited by the heterogeneity of the included studies. Furthermore, the review identifies specific implementation barriers, including limited device availability, inadequate workforce training, and regulatory constraints. These findings suggest that while RAT shows promise for improving functional outcomes, practical application depends on overcoming local infrastructure and training barriers.

How this fits prior evidence

This narrative review addresses a gap in the practical implementation and economic feasibility of robotic-assisted therapy for stroke. While previous evidence has explored pharmacological interventions like PCSK9 inhibitors to improve functional independence and non-pharmacological methods like Motor Guided Imagery to alleviate pain, this review specifically focuses on the mechanical and robotic assistance for gait and upper-limb function. It provides specific ICER values for upper-limb (US$236.23 to 752.31) and gait-related (US$558.86 to 4,890) rehabilitation.

This review looked at how robotic assisted therapy (RAT) helps adults who have suffered a stroke. The researchers looked at data from 22 different systematic reviews to see how RAT compares to conventional therapy. They specifically looked at how well patients could walk and move their arms.

The review found that patients using robotic assisted therapy showed improvements in gait and upper limb function compared to those receiving traditional therapy. The researchers also looked at the costs of these programs. They found that the cost for upper limb rehabilitation was between US$236.23 and $752.31 per QEO, while gait related rehabilitation cost between US$558.86 and $4,890 per QEO.

While the results are promising, the review notes that many challenges remain for using this technology. These include a lack of available devices, a need for more staff training, and certain rules that make it hard to start these programs. Because the data comes from a variety of different studies, the results should be viewed as a general overview of the current landscape.

What this means for you:
Robotic assisted therapy shows promise for improving movement in stroke patients, though many practical barriers remain.

Common questions

How does robotic assisted therapy help stroke patients?

Robotic assisted therapy (RAT) is used to help patients improve their functional outcomes. Specifically, the review found that patients using this method showed improvements in gait and upper limb function when compared to those receiving conventional therapy.

Is robotic assisted therapy cost-effective for stroke recovery?

The review looked at economic feasibility for different types of recovery. For upper limb rehabilitation, the cost was between US$236.23 and $752.31 per QEO. For gait related rehabilitation, the cost was between US$558.86 and $4,890 per QEO.

What are the challenges of using robotic therapy for stroke?

There are several barriers to using this technology. These include limited availability of the actual devices, a need for better training for the workforce, and various regulatory constraints that can make it difficult to implement in some areas.

Study Details

Study typeSystematic review
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedOct 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
IntroductionRobotic-assisted therapy (RAT) has emerged as a promising intervention for post-stroke recovery; however, its implementation in developing countries such as Indonesia remains limited by economic, technical, and systemic barriers. This structured narrative review summarizes clinical effect reported by systematics review and meta-analyses and examines implementation consideration and potential economic feasibility within the Indonesian healthcare context.MethodA structured review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (2015–2025) was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, PEDro, and Cochrane Library. Studies involving adult with stroke were included. Findings were synthesized narratively because of heterogeneity. Implementation barriers were analyzed, and a scenario-based economic model was developed to assess feasibility of RAT in Indonesia. QALY-equivalent outcomes (QEOs) were estimated using ratio-based value-transfer approach that scaled published reference values according to observed functional effects.ResultEvidence from 22 systematic reviews indicated that RAT improved functional outcomes compared with conventional therapy, particularly gait and upper-limb function (effect sizes: 0.02–0.52). Key implementation barriers included limited device availability, inadequate workforce training, and regulatory constraints. Modelled ICERs ranged from US$236.23–752.31 per QEO for upper-limb rehabilitation and US$558.86–4,890 per QEO for gait-related rehabilitation. Most estimates remained below the Indonesian willingness-to-pay threshold (
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