Systematic review assesses liquid biopsy technologies for early detection of drug resistance and therapeutic response monitoring in people.

A systematic review was conducted to evaluate liquid biopsy technologies, specifically ctDNA, CTCs, and EVs, for the early detection of drug resistance and therapeutic response monitoring in people. The study aimed to provide practical guidance for the future development of precision oncology by assessing these biomarkers for evaluating treatment efficacy and monitoring alterations in tumor genomics over time. Secondary outcomes included the potential for customizing therapy based on these molecular profiles. The review did not report a specific sample size or the clinical setting in which these technologies were evaluated.

The primary results of the review did not include specific numerical data or exact outcome measures. Consequently, the ability to determine the magnitude of benefit or the comparative effectiveness of these technologies against other methods remains unclear from this source. No data regarding adverse events, serious adverse events, discontinuations, or overall tolerability were reported, meaning the safety profile of these liquid biopsy approaches could not be characterized in this analysis.

Key limitations of this evidence include the absence of reported sample sizes, specific populations beyond the general term 'people', and detailed safety outcomes. The lack of reported follow-up durations further restricts the assessment of long-term monitoring utility. Because the main results were not quantified, the certainty of any clinical recommendation is low. Funding sources and potential conflicts of interest were not reported, which introduces potential bias that cannot be ruled out.

The practice relevance of this review is limited to providing a conceptual framework for future development rather than offering immediate actionable guidance. Clinicians should interpret these findings as preliminary evidence suggesting a role for liquid biopsies in precision oncology, pending further studies with robust data on efficacy and safety.