Case report and review: azacytidine plus ruxolitinib in connective tissue disease with CMML and myelofibrosis

This is a case report and literature review describing a 52-year-old male patient with connective tissue disease, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and myelofibrosis. The patient was treated with a dual-target regimen of azacytidine and ruxolitinib, compared with prior hormone and immunosuppressant combination therapy. The review synthesizes the case findings with existing literature on similar presentations.

The main results from the case report indicate that fever and other systemic symptoms were significantly relieved, monocytosis was corrected, and severe anemia and thrombocytopenia markedly improved. No effect sizes, absolute numbers, p-values, or confidence intervals are reported. The follow-up duration before treatment was 2 years 10 months, but the post-treatment follow-up period is not specified.

Limitations are not explicitly noted by the authors, but as a single case report, the evidence is inherently limited. No adverse events, serious adverse events, or discontinuations are reported. The funding or conflicts of interest are not reported.

Clinicians should interpret these findings with caution. The results are derived from a single patient and cannot be generalized to broader populations. The dual-target regimen may be considered in similar complex cases, but further studies are needed to establish efficacy and safety.