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Nursing students answer only 45% of pain management knowledge questions correctlyNursing Students Show Gaps in Pain Management Knowledge

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Key Takeaway
Consider enhancing nursing curricula with evidence-based pain management training, focusing on intervention strategies.

This meta-analysis pooled data from 5,270 nursing students to assess knowledge and attitudes toward pain management using the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain. The overall pooled correct response rate was 45% (95% CI: 42%-49%), indicating substantial gaps in foundational pain management competencies.

Subscale analysis revealed variability across domains. The spiritual/cultural subscale had the highest score at 65% (95% CI: 58%-73%), followed by pathophysiology at 52% (95% CI: 41%-63%). In contrast, the intervention subscale was lowest at 26% (95% CI: 22%-30%), and addiction-related knowledge was also low at 37% (95% CI: 27%-47%).

The authors emphasize that nursing students demonstrate particular weaknesses in applying pain management interventions, which may reflect insufficient practical training. They recommend integrating structured, evidence-based pain education into nursing curricula to address these deficits.

Limitations were not reported in the source, and the analysis is based on cross-sectional studies, so causality cannot be inferred. The findings are descriptive and do not evaluate the effectiveness of any specific educational intervention.

For clinicians and educators, these results underscore the need to strengthen pain management training in nursing programs, especially in intervention strategies, to better prepare students for clinical practice.

A meta-analysis looked at the knowledge and attitudes of 5,270 nursing students regarding pain management. The study used a specific survey to measure how much these students knew about different aspects of treating patient pain.

The results showed that while students scored highest in spiritual and cultural areas (65% correct), they struggled significantly with other topics. Specifically, only 26% of students answered correctly regarding intervention strategies. They also showed lower scores in addiction-related knowledge at 37%. Overall, the average correct response rate across all categories was 45%.

These findings suggest that nursing students may need more structured and evidence-based education to feel confident in managing pain. Because this was a review of existing data rather than a direct clinical trial, it highlights an educational need rather than a specific medical treatment. You can take away that specialized training is needed to help future nurses provide better care.

What this means for you:
Nursing students show significant knowledge gaps regarding pain management interventions and addiction-related topics.

Common questions

What specific areas of pain management did students struggle with?

Nursing students showed the lowest scores in intervention strategies, with only a 26% correct response rate. They also had lower scores regarding addiction-related knowledge at 37%. These results suggest that while they may understand cultural aspects well, they need more training on specific treatment methods.

How much did the students know about pain overall?

The study found an overall correct response rate of 45% among the 5,270 nursing students surveyed. While they scored higher in spiritual and cultural subscales at 65%, the lower scores in other areas indicate a need for more comprehensive education.

What does this mean for future patient care?

The study identifies specific gaps in what nursing students know about pain management. Because of these findings, there is a clear need for more structured, evidence-based education to ensure that future nurses are better prepared to handle various aspects of patient pain.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedAug 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
OBJECTIVES: To systematically evaluate nursing students' knowledge and attitudes toward pain management and provide evidence to guide educational and clinical improvements. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Ten databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Chinese Biomedical Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang) were searched through February 2025. REVIEW/ANALYSIS METHODS: Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality checklist. Data were synthesized using R (version 4.3.2) with random-effects models. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses explored heterogeneity, and sensitivity analyses evaluated robustness. Publication bias was examined using Egger's test. RESULTS: Twenty-six cross-sectional studies from nine countries, encompassing 5,270 nursing students, met the inclusion criteria. The pooled correct response rate for the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain was 45% (95% CI: 42%-49%). Among the six Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain subscales, the highest pooled scores were observed for spiritual/cultural (65%; 95% CI: 58%-73%) and pathophysiology (52%; 95% CI: 41%-63%), whereas the lowest scores pertained to intervention (26%; 95% CI: 22%-30%) and addiction-related knowledge (37%; 95% CI: 27%-47%). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses identified the country and continent as significant moderators. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified significant gaps in nursing students' knowledge and attitudes about pain management, particularly regarding intervention strategies. The findings underscore the urgent need for structured, evidence-based pain education frameworks and cross-cultural curricular reforms to standardize and enhance global pain care practices.
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