This review looks at how El Niño and related weather events, such as floods and droughts, impact health in Latin America and the Caribbean. These weather patterns can lead to immediate dangers like injuries and death. They also increase the risk of waterborne and vector-borne infections, which spread through water or insects.
Beyond immediate illness, these events can cause long-term problems. They may disrupt food supplies, leading to undernutrition, and can interfere with the care of people with chronic diseases. The review also notes that these events can cause psychological distress and put a heavy burden on local health systems.
Because it is hard to tell which health issues are caused directly by El Niño versus general weather disasters, experts suggest better preparation. This includes early warning systems, flood mapping, and better water and sanitation. These steps help communities prepare for the risks that come with changing weather patterns.
Common questions
What health risks are linked to El Niño weather?
El Niño and related disasters like floods and droughts can lead to immediate risks such as injury and death. They also increase the risk of waterborne and vector-borne infections. Additionally, these events can cause food insecurity, undernutrition, and psychological distress for those affected by the changing weather.
How does El Niño affect people with chronic diseases?
Extreme weather events associated with El Niño can cause a disruption in care for people with chronic diseases. These events can also put a heavy burden on the local health system, making it harder for medical facilities to provide consistent care during periods of flooding or drought.
How can communities prepare for these health risks?
Experts suggest several ways to prepare, including using early warning systems and mapping flood risks. They also recommend improving water and sanitation interventions, increasing surveillance, and providing clear risk communication based on local weather forecasts to help communities stay safe.
