Review notes gut mycobiota dysbiosis in autism, ADHD, and Rett syndrome

This is a narrative review that synthesizes emerging evidence on gut mycobiota in autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and Rett syndrome. The authors report a consistent dysbiosis signature across these conditions, characterized by reduced diversity and Candida expansion. No pooled effect sizes or quantitative syntheses are provided, as this is a qualitative review.

The review identifies a common pattern of gut mycobiota alteration in these neurodevelopmental conditions. However, the authors explicitly note that causality requires validation, and the evidence is described as emerging. The review does not report specific study populations, sample sizes, or intervention details.

Key limitations acknowledged include the need for validation of causality and the preliminary nature of the evidence. The authors suggest that this work opens avenues for biomarker discovery and multikingdom therapeutic interventions, but they do not specify any clinical practice recommendations.

In summary, this review highlights a shared gut mycobiota dysbiosis signature in autism, ADHD, and Rett syndrome, while emphasizing the early and uncertain state of the evidence. Practice relevance is framed cautiously, with a focus on future research directions rather than immediate clinical application.