This article describes a planned protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The project aims to provide evidence-based guidance for clinical decision-making regarding electromagnetic stimulation protocols. The review is intended for patients with post-stroke lower limb dysfunction. No data or results are reported yet because the study has not been conducted or analyzed. The protocol specifies that lower limb motor function is the primary outcome of interest. Safety profiles are listed as secondary outcomes. The authors note that sample size, setting, and follow-up duration are not reported at this stage. Because the analysis has not been completed, no conclusions about effectiveness or safety can be drawn. Readers should wait for the final publication to learn if this intervention helps. This document serves as a plan for future research rather than a report of finished work. It is important to distinguish between a research plan and actual findings.
Protocol outlines planned network meta-analysis of electromagnetic stimulation for post-stroke lower limb dysfunctionPlanned review to guide electromagnetic stimulation for stroke recovery
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Key Takeaway
Note this is a protocol for a planned review with no results yet available.
This document serves as a protocol for a planned systematic review and network meta-analysis. The scope includes evaluating electromagnetic stimulation protocols in patients with post-stroke lower limb dysfunction. The primary outcome of interest is lower limb motor function, with secondary outcomes focusing on safety profiles. The study setting and sample size are not reported in this current protocol stage.
No main results or pooled effect sizes are available because the analysis has not been completed. Consequently, no specific adverse events, serious adverse events, or discontinuations have been identified or quantified. The protocol explicitly states that readers should not infer results or fabricate sample sizes or effect sizes from this stage.
Limitations acknowledged by the authors include the lack of reported data on tolerability and the absence of a defined comparator. Funding sources and potential conflicts of interest are not reported. The authors intend to provide evidence-based guidance for clinical decision-making once the review is finalized. Until then, clinicians should recognize that this is a planning document rather than a source of definitive evidence.
What this means for you:
This is a research plan, not finished results. Wait for the final report before using this information. More on Stroke
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View Original Abstract ↓
ObjectiveStroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Most survivors develop multiple functional impairments, with lower limb dysfunction being particularly prevalent and impactful, and has emerged as a key factor undermining patients’ quality of life. Electromagnetic stimulation therapy, a potential intervention for post-stroke lower limb rehabilitation, remains controversial regarding its clinical efficacy in current literature. Furthermore, no definitive conclusions exist regarding the comparative advantages of distinct electromagnetic stimulation protocols. Given these controversies and uncertainties, this study aims to perform a network meta-analysis (NMA) to systematically assess the effects of distinct electromagnetic stimulation protocols on post-stroke lower limb motor function. This analysis further aims to quantify differences in clinical benefits across these protocols and characterize their safety profiles, thereby offering evidence-based guidance for clinical decision-making.MethodsWe will conduct a systematic search of the following eight databases: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, the VIP Database, the Wanfang Database, and the China Biomedical Literature Database. The search will encompass randomized controlled trials published from the inception of each database until February 15, 2025. Subsequently, two independent reviewers will assess the risk of bias for all included studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2). We will then perform an NMA using a random-effects model in Stata software to compare the efficacy and safety of various electrical stimulation therapies. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) will be calculated to estimate the comparative benefits and harms of each intervention.DiscussionThis evaluation protocol aims to generate evidence on the efficacy of various electromagnetic stimulation regimens for improving clinical symptoms in patients with post-stroke lower limb dysfunction. This evidence will thereby provide a theoretical foundation and practical insights to aid clinicians in optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, identifier [CRD420251247508].
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