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Home › Conditions › Stroke

Stroke

Subtypes of Stroke

Post-stroke cognitive impairment 7 Cerebral infarction 6 Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury 5 Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke 5 Post-stroke depression 5 Minor Ischemic Stroke 4 Post-stroke aphasia 4 Post-stroke spasticity 4 Delayed Cerebral Ischemia 3 Stroke-Associated Pneumonia 3 Cerebral ischemia 2 Lacunar infarction 2 Noncardioembolic Ischemic Stroke 2 Post-Stroke Epilepsy 2 Post-stroke Insomnia 2 Acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke (AIS) 1 Acute Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke 1 Acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion 1 Anterior circulation stroke 1 Central post-stroke pain 1 Cerebral ischemic events 1 Chronic left middle cerebral artery ischaemic stroke 1 High-risk transient ischemic attack 1 Ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack 1 Large ischemic stroke 1 Large-core ischaemic stroke 1 Non-large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke 1 Post-ischemic stroke aphasia 1 Post-stroke central facial paralysis 1 Post-stroke cricopharyngeal achalasia 1 Post-stroke delirium 1 Post-stroke depressive symptoms 1 Post-stroke dysphagia 1 Post-Stroke Hemiparesis 1 Post-stroke infection 1 Post-stroke language impairment 1 Post-stroke limb spasticity 1 Post-Stroke Memory Impairment 1 Post-stroke pain 1 Post-stroke sequelae 1 Post-stroke shoulder pain 1 Post-Stroke Shoulder-Hand Syndrome 1 Post-stroke tracheotomy 1 Post-stroke upper limb motor dysfunction 1 Posterior circulation ischemic stroke 1 Poststroke constipation 1 Right-hemispheric stroke 1 Stroke mimics 1 TIA 1 Atherosclerotic ischemic stroke 0 Stroke due to intracranial arterial stenosis 0 Stroke due to intracranial atherosclerosis 0

295 published articles · Updated continuously

Clinical Trial Landscape

Clinical Trials for Stroke

498 trials tracked for Stroke: 48 in phase 3 or 4 and 22 with published results. The most-cited published study has 415 citations.

498Trials tracked
48Phase 3 & 4
0Recruiting
22With published results
Phase distribution
Phase 4 13 Phase 3 35 Phase 2 81 Phase 1 20 Other / NA 349
  1. Phase 3 Stroke Hyperglycemia Insulin Network Effort (SHINE) Trial Completed · 415 cited
  2. Phase 3 Evaluation of the WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage (LAA) Closure Device in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Versus Long Term Warfarin Therapy Completed · 124 cited
  3. Phase 3 Clinical Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Two Dose Levels of NT 201 Versus Placebo in Treating Chronic Troublesome Sialorrhea in Various Neurological Conditions Completed · 119 cited
  4. Phase 3 Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke Trial Completed · 108 cited
  5. Phase 3 Dabigatran Etexilate for Secondary Stroke Prevention in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (RE-SPECT ESUS) Completed · 104 cited
  6. Phase 3 Single Bolus Recombinant Nonimmunogenic Staphylokinase (Fortelyzin) and Bolus Infusion Alteplase in Patients With AIS Completed · 91 cited
Show 44 more trials
  1. Phase 3 A Study in Chinese Patients to Compare How Tenecteplase and Alteplase Given After a Stroke Improve Recovering of Physical Activity Completed · 84 cited
  2. Phase 3 Study of Efficacy and Safety of MEXIDOL® in Ischemic Stroke Therapy Completed · 67 cited
  3. Phase 3 Multi-arm Optimization of Stroke Thrombolysis Completed · 54 cited
  4. Phase 4 Study to Assess Impact of Dysport Injections Early After Stroke on Upper Limb Spasticity Progression Completed · 48 cited
  5. Phase 4 Assess the Penumbra System in the Treatment of Acute Stroke Completed · 46 cited
  6. Phase 3 Clinical Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of NT 201 Compared to Placebo in the Treatment of Chronic Troublesome Drooling Associated With Neurological Disorders and/or Intellectual Disability Completed · 40 cited
  7. Phase 4 Safety, Tolerability and Effectiveness of Nuedexta in the Treatment of Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) Completed · 36 cited
  8. Phase 3 Apixaban for Early Prevention of Recurrent Embolic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Transformation Completed · 30 cited
  9. Phase 3 Japan Statin Treatment Against Recurrent Stroke (J-STARS) Completed · 26 cited
  10. Phase 3 Apixaban Versus Warfarin for the Management of Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation Completed · 22 cited
  11. Phase 3 Hypovitaminosis D in Neurocritical Patients Completed · 21 cited
  12. Phase 4 SEdation Versus General Anesthesia for Endovascular Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Completed · 18 cited
  13. Phase 3 Safety and Efficacy of Alteplase When Administered in Chinese Patients With Acute Ischemic Hemispheric Stroke Where Thrombolysis is Initiated Between 3 and 4.5 Hours After Stroke Onset Completed · 17 cited
  14. Phase 3 Rivaroxaban vs. Warfarin for Post Cardiac Surgery Atrial Fibrillation Completed · 9 cited
  15. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Mexidol® in Stroke Therapy Completed
  16. Phase 3 Phone-based Intervention Under Nurse Guidance After Stroke 2 Completed
  17. Phase 4 Comparative Efficacy of Three Preparations of Botox-A in Treating Spasticity Completed
  18. Phase 4 DOACs for Stroke Prevention Post Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation Completed
  19. Phase 4 Thrombectomy REvascularization of Large Vessel Occlusions in Acute Ischemic Stroke (TREVO) Completed
  20. Phase 4 Add-on Effects of Valsartan on Morbi- Mortality (KYOTO HEART Study) Completed
  21. Phase 4 PRoFESS - Prevention Regimen For Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes Completed
  22. Phase 4 Treatment for Post-Stroke Depression Completed
  23. Phase 4 Mobility Training Using a Bionic Knee Orthosis in Patients Chronic Post-Stroke: A Case Series Completed
  24. Phase 4 Rehabilitation of the Stroke Hand at Home Completed
  25. Phase 4 Post-marketing Clinical Study of Alteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke （Japan Alteplase Clinical Trial Ⅱ：J-ACT Ⅱ） Completed
  26. Phase 3 BOTOX® Treatment in Pediatric Upper Limb Spasticity Completed
  27. Phase 3 BOTOX® Open-Label Treatment in Pediatric Upper Limb Spasticity Completed
  28. Phase 3 Evaluation of Memantine Versus Placebo on Ischemic Stroke Outcome Completed
  29. Phase 3 Clinical Trial of Efficacy and Safety of MMH-MAP in the Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Early Recovery Stage After Ischemic Stroke Completed
  30. Phase 3 Augmenting Language Therapy for Aphasia: Levodopa Completed
  31. Phase 3 WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage System for Embolic PROTECTion in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Completed
  32. Phase 3 Warfarin Versus Aspirin in Reduced Cardiac Ejection Fraction (WARCEF) Trial Completed
  33. Phase 3 Global Study to Assess the Safety and Effectiveness of Edoxaban (DU-176b) vs Standard Practice of Dosing With Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Completed
  34. Phase 3 STRIPS: Shoulder Taping Reduces Injury and Pain in Stroke Completed
  35. Phase 3 Silent Cerebral Infarct Transfusion Multi-Center Clinical Trial Completed
  36. Phase 3 Randomized Evaluation of Long Term Anticoagulant Therapy (RE-LY) With Dabigatran Etexilate Completed
  37. Phase 3 Stenting vs. Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis Completed
  38. Phase 3 Locomotor Experience Applied Post Stroke Trial Completed
  39. Phase 3 An Efficacy and Safety Study of Rivaroxaban With Warfarin for the Prevention of Stroke and Non-Central Nervous System Systemic Embolism in Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Completed
  40. Phase 3 Prevention of Cardiovascular Events (eg, Death From Heart or Vascular Disease, Heart Attack, or Stroke) in Patients With Prior Heart Attack Using Ticagrelor Compared to Placebo on a Background of Aspirin Completed
  41. Phase 3 Diagnosis and Treatment of Sleep Apnea in Cerebrovascular Disease Completed
  42. Phase 3 Aspirin Resistance and Stroke Risk: Platelet Function Analysis in Patients With Ischemic Events Completed
  43. Phase 2 Safety Evaluation of 3K3A-APC in Ischemic Stroke Completed
  44. Phase 2 Prothrombin Times Outside the Therapeutic Range in Otherwise Stable Patients Completed

Showing the 50 most-cited and recently-updated of 498 trials. Browse the full registry →

Trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. Counts describe the research landscape and are not a treatment recommendation. Informational only — not medical advice.

Stroke: current evidence & treatments

Several interventions show promise for improving outcomes after stroke. Acupuncture has demonstrated consistent signals for dysphagia and depressive symptoms after ischemic stroke, though evidence for global disability is less consistent 1. Brain-computer interface training significantly improved global cognitive function (SMD=0.62) and attention/executive function in stroke survivors 2. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may enhance upper limb motor function, but evidence certainty is limited 3. Non-invasive brain stimulation combined with motor imagery improved upper limb motor function (WMD 5.75) and functional activity (SMD 1.18) 11. Non-invasive neural stimulation in subacute stroke also improved upper limb function and activities of daily living 25. Interactive cognitive-motor training improved mobility, gait, and dynamic balance in chronic stroke 18.

Pharmacological and interventional strategies have varying efficacy and safety. Tirofiban improved functional independence at 90 days (RR 1.13) but increased intracranial hemorrhage risk 6. Tenecteplase before endovascular thrombectomy showed no functional benefit over EVT alone in late-window stroke 10, and intracranial hemorrhage rates were higher with tenecteplase (14.4% vs 9.2%) in minor ischemic stroke 17. Endovascular thrombectomy significantly improved functional independence (OR 5.38) compared to medical management 20. Thrombectomy plus intra-arterial alteplase increased excellent functional outcome to 57.5% at 90 days 12. Extended-window alteplase increased favorable functional outcomes but raised hemorrhage risk 19. Triple pill therapy (telmisartan/amlodipine/indapamide) lowered recurrent stroke incidence after intracerebral hemorrhage 9. PFO closure reduced recurrent stroke risk by 44% in older patients with cryptogenic stroke 22. Apixaban reduced intracranial bleeding risk compared to aspirin in cryptogenic stroke with atrial cardiopathy 14. Nurse-driven service models reduced door-to-needle time by 16.72 minutes 21. Remote transitional care improved depressive symptoms (SMD -0.28) but not quality of life or readmission rates 8.

Biomarkers and mechanistic insights are emerging. High systemic immune-inflammation index at admission was linked to a 2.14-fold increased risk of post-stroke depression 7. Higher admission white blood cell count predicted favorable methylprednisolone effect after thrombectomy 13. Endothelial ferroptosis blockade is a potential target for ischemic stroke, but limitations remain before clinical application 5. NINJ1 targeting shows potential across neurological conditions but faces knowledge gaps 23. Atractylenolide III shows neuroprotective effects in preclinical CNS disorder models 24. Higher adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was associated with lower risks of stroke, depression, anxiety, and dementia 16. Structural barriers to stroke care in low-income countries include workforce shortages and fragmented care pathways; a localized AI and policy framework is proposed 4.

Key drugs in the evidence

tenecteplase 10 alteplase 9 aspirin 7 clopidogrel 5 placebo 3 ticagrelor 3 warfarin 3 tirofiban 3 antiplatelet therapy 3 apixaban 2

Latest findings

AI-generated synthesis of 24 cited studies, updated Jun 12, 2026. How we use AI.

HCP Mode — summaries include clinical detail, trial data, and statistical outcomes.
Patient Mode — summaries use plain language, avoiding clinical jargon.
Tirofiban Adjunct Therapy Improves Outcomes in Patients with Inadequate Tenecteplase Response
Neurology RCT
Tirofiban Adjunct Therapy Improves Outcomes in Patients with Inadequate Tenecteplase Response Trial shows tirofiban improves outcomes for some stroke patients
Intravenous tirofiban significantly improves 90-day functional outcomes for acute ischemic stroke patients failing initial tenecteplase ther…
A new clinical trial suggests that adding tirofiban can improve recovery rates for certain types of stroke patients who do not respond well …
JAMA Jun 13, 2026
Mind-body training improves upper-limb function after stroke, optimal dose near 33.5 hours
Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Meta-analysis
Mind-body training improves upper-limb function after stroke, optimal dose near 33.5 hours Mind body training improves arm function for stroke survivors
This meta-analysis of 16 RCTs (769 participants) found that mind-body training (MBT), including Tai Chi, significantly improves upper-limb f…
New data shows that mind body exercises like Tai Chi can significantly improve arm movement and function for people recovering from a stroke…
Frontiers Jun 13, 2026
Individualized six-phase antithrombotic strategy leads to left ventricular thrombus resolution and neurological recovery
Drug Pipeline Guideline
Individualized six-phase antithrombotic strategy leads to left ventricular thrombus resolution and neurological recovery New strategy helps manage heart blood clots after heart attack
This case report describes an individualized six-phase antithrombotic strategy for a 27-year-old male with myocardial infarction, stroke, hy…
A tailored six-phase treatment plan helped a young man recover fully from a stroke and heart attack while successfully clearing dangerous bl…
Frontiers Jun 13, 2026
Acupuncture shows consistent signals for dysphagia and depressive symptoms after ischemic stroke
Neurology Sys. Review
Acupuncture shows consistent signals for dysphagia and depressive symptoms after ischemic stroke Acupuncture May Help Stroke Patients with Swallowing and Mood
This narrative review synthesizes evidence on acupuncture for ischemic stroke. It finds more consistent signals for dysphagia and depressive…
New research suggests acupuncture may specifically help stroke patients manage swallowing difficulties, depression, and cognitive issues.
Frontiers Jun 12, 2026
Brain-computer interface training improves global cognitive function in stroke survivors with SMD=0.62
Neurology Meta-analysis
Brain-computer interface training improves global cognitive function in stroke survivors with SMD=0.62 Brain computer interface training improves cognitive function after stroke
This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials indicates that brain-computer interface (BCI) training significantl…
New data shows that brain-computer interface training can improve focus and daily tasks for people recovering from a stroke.
Jun 12, 2026
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may enhance upper limb motor function following a stroke
Neurology Meta-analysis
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may enhance upper limb motor function following a stroke Magnetic stimulation may help arm movement after a stroke
This overview of systematic reviews analyzed 17 meta-analyses and systematic reviews regarding repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation …
A review of several studies suggests that magnetic brain stimulation could improve arm movement for people recovering from a stroke.
Frontiers Jun 11, 2026
Localized AI and policy frameworks address structural barriers to stroke care in low-income countries
Primary Care & Family Medicine Sys. Review
Localized AI and policy frameworks address structural barriers to stroke care in low-income countries New strategy aims to improve stroke care in developing regions
This narrative review explores the integration of lightweight AI models into stroke care within resource-constrained settings. The authors p…
A new framework suggests using specialized AI models to overcome staffing shortages and broken care paths for stroke patients in low-income …
Frontiers Jun 10, 2026
Meta-analysis shows tirofiban improves functional independence but raises intracranial hemorrhage risk in acute ischemic stroke patients
Neurology Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis shows tirofiban improves functional independence but raises intracranial hemorrhage risk in acute ischemic stroke patients Tirofiban improves stroke recovery but raises bleeding risk
A meta-analysis of 4,210 patients found tirofiban increased functional independence at 90 days compared to conventional management. However,…
A review of 4210 patients finds tirofiban boosts functional independence after stroke but increases bleeding risk.
Jun 6, 2026
Endothelial ferroptosis blockade targets ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative conditions in brain microvascular endothelial cells
Allergy & Immunology Sys. Review
Endothelial ferroptosis blockade targets ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative conditions in brain microvascular endothelial cells Ferroptosis blockade risks in brain microvascular endothelial cells need evaluation
This narrative review discusses endothelial ferroptosis blockade as a potential strategy for ischemic stroke, neurodegenerative conditions, …
A review suggests blocking ferroptosis in brain cells requires more study before use in stroke or neurodegenerative disease patients.
Frontiers Jun 6, 2026
High SII at admission linked to 2.14-fold increased risk of post-stroke depression
Psychiatry Meta-analysis
High SII at admission linked to 2.14-fold increased risk of post-stroke depression High SII levels at admission linked to higher stroke depression risk in adults
This meta-analysis of 2,780 adult stroke patients found that a high systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) at admission was significantly …
A large review of nearly three thousand stroke patients found that higher inflammation markers at admission doubled the chance of developing…
Frontiers Jun 5, 2026
Remote transitional care improves depressive symptoms in stroke patients, meta-analysis finds
Neurology Meta-analysis
Remote transitional care improves depressive symptoms in stroke patients, meta-analysis finds Remote care helps stroke patients feel less depressed
A meta-analysis of 6 randomized controlled trials found that remote transitional care significantly improved depressive symptoms in stroke p…
A meta-analysis of six trials found remote transitional care significantly reduced depressive symptoms in stroke patients, though effects on…
Frontiers Jun 5, 2026
Tenecteplase before EVT shows no functional benefit over EVT alone in late window stroke
Drug Pipeline RCT
Tenecteplase before EVT shows no functional benefit over EVT alone in late window stroke Tenecteplase before clot removal did not improve stroke outcomes in this trial
A phase 3 trial found that intravenous tenecteplase before endovascular therapy did not improve functional independence at 90 days compared …
A large trial found giving tenecteplase before clot removal did not improve stroke recovery or safety compared to clot removal alone.
JAMA Jun 4, 2026

Questions about Stroke

Can machine learning help predict the outcome of my aphasia after a stroke?

Yes, machine learning can help predict aphasia recovery after stroke, with models achieving around 80% accuracy using factors like aphasia severity, cognitive performance, and education.

Full answer →
Can AI models distinguish between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke with high sensitivity?

AI models show high sensitivity for distinguishing hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke, with pooled data indicating 90.6% sensitivity for hemorrhagic cases.

Full answer →
How does a dance intervention compare to control for quality of life in chronic stroke?

A 12-week dance program significantly improved quality of life and cognitive scores in chronic stroke patients, whereas the control group's scores declined over the same period.

Full answer →
What percentage of chronic stroke participants had musculoskeletal adverse events during walking training?

About 32% of chronic stroke participants experienced musculoskeletal adverse events during moderate- to high-intensity walking training.

Full answer →
Can six weeks of reactive balance training help adults with chronic stroke?

Six weeks of reactive balance training is feasible for adults with chronic stroke and does not increase anxiety, though specific fall-risk improvements depend on individual function.

Full answer →
Can repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation help with stroke motor recovery?

Yes, repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) can improve upper limb motor function, daily living, and spasticity after stroke, especially when combined with other therapies.

Full answer →
Are Chinese herbal medicine trials for acute stroke less likely to report safety than Western trials?

Yes, a 2026 review found that only 49.6% of Chinese herbal medicine trials for acute stroke reported safety outcomes, compared to 83.6% of Western medicine trials.

Full answer →
Which feeding tube is better for me if I have ischemic stroke and swallowing trouble?

For ischemic stroke with swallowing trouble, intermittent oro-esophageal tube feeding (IOE) may be better than nasogastric tube feeding (NG) for improving nutrition, swallowing function, and reducing pneumonia, but discuss options with your doctor.

Full answer →
See all 17 questions about Stroke →

All Stroke Articles