Narrative review explores fMRI utility in otolaryngology disorders including tinnitus and vestibular migraine.

This narrative review evaluates the role of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) within the context of otolaryngology–head and neck disorders. The scope of the article encompasses a range of specific conditions, including tinnitus, sudden sensorineural hearing loss, vestibular migraine, and olfactory dysfunction. By aggregating existing qualitative data, the authors aim to provide a comprehensive overview of how neuroimaging techniques are currently conceptualized in this field.

The primary focus of the synthesis is on elucidating the underlying neuropathological mechanisms associated with these disorders. The authors argue that understanding these mechanisms through fMRI could theoretically support precision medicine and facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. However, the review does not report specific pooled effect sizes, numerical outcomes, or comparative data, as these details were not available in the source material.

The authors acknowledge that the evidence remains largely conceptual rather than empirically quantified in this specific review. Limitations include the lack of reported sample sizes, specific settings, or primary outcome data from the underlying studies discussed. Consequently, the review serves primarily to identify potential avenues for future investigation rather than to establish definitive clinical guidelines.

In terms of practice relevance, the authors suggest that fMRI may eventually guide personalized management, but current data are insufficient to mandate its routine use. The review highlights the need for further high-quality studies to determine the true utility of these imaging modalities in standard otolaryngology care.