GLP-1 agents and cognitive interventions address obesity and eating disorders via appetite and gut-brain signaling pathways.

This narrative review investigates the cognitive and neural foundations of food preference and reward processing, along with multi-level determinants and major intervention strategies for obesity and eating disorders. The specific population and sample size were not reported in the source material. The review indicates that dysregulation of food preference and reward processing is linked to obesity and eating disorders. Consequently, various interventions target appetite and gut-brain signaling, cognitive control, and post-surgical changes to improve dietary health.

The review does not report specific numerical results, adverse events, or discontinuation rates for GLP-1 medications or other interventions. Safety and tolerability data are not provided within the scope of this narrative synthesis. The primary focus remains on the mechanistic understanding of the conditions rather than quantitative efficacy outcomes from randomized trials.

A key limitation identified is that the evidence base for emerging digital and real-world intervention models remains developing. This uncertainty suggests that current findings should not be extrapolated as definitive clinical guidelines without further validation. The review emphasizes the need for integrative, mechanistically informed, and personalized strategies to improve dietary health rather than relying solely on emerging models.

Practice relevance is constrained by the lack of reported population details and the evolving nature of the evidence. Clinicians should interpret these findings as supportive of a broader mechanistic understanding rather than as proof of specific treatment efficacy. Personalized strategies that account for individual neural and cognitive determinants are recommended while awaiting more robust data.