A systematic review analyzed 30 core studies from the United States to understand loneliness in men. The researchers looked at prevalence, trends, risk factors, and health consequences. The evidence comes from a wide range of sources but does not report a specific primary outcome or follow-up duration.
The review found that a widespread epidemic of male loneliness is absent, though specific groups face higher risk. Younger men aged 18 to 29 appear to be experiencing a sharp increase in loneliness. Older men aged 60 and above show more stable patterns over time. Traditional masculine norms, relationship loss, unemployment, disabilities, and veteran status have all been identified as risk factors for male loneliness.
Male loneliness is associated with serious health problems, including depression, cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, risk of suicide, and increased mortality. The study notes a notable imbalance in the evidence base, with younger men underrepresented relative to older populations. Community-based programs targeted toward males show high participation, but are almost entirely under-evaluated. Existing intervention strategies do not sufficiently consider how socialized gender processes influence men's social withdrawal or disengagement.