Narrative review examines high-risk factors and major nursing interventions for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infantsNursing care and risk factors for lung disease in premature babies

This narrative review focuses on high-risk factors for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and major nursing interventions within the population of premature infants. The scope of the article encompasses these specific areas of care but does not include a randomized controlled trial or a systematic review of primary data. Consequently, no pooled effect sizes or specific numerical results are presented in the text.

Key limitations acknowledged by the authors include the absence of reported sample sizes, study settings, and follow-up durations. Additionally, data regarding primary outcomes, secondary outcomes, and adverse events were not reported in the source material. The review does not provide specific tolerability data or discontinuation rates for any interventions discussed.

Because the source is a narrative review rather than a primary trial, causal language is avoided, and practice relevance is described as not reported. Clinicians should interpret these qualitative findings with caution, recognizing that the lack of quantitative data prevents precise risk stratification or efficacy estimation for nursing interventions in this population.