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Synergistic Effects of Prior Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccination on Future Vaccine UptakePrior Flu Vaccines May Increase Willingness to Get COVID Shots

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Key Takeaway
Prior experience with one vaccine significantly increases the likelihood of accepting the other in combined vaccination strategies.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of 145 studies across multiple countries evaluated the relationship between previous vaccination history and future vaccine uptake. The analysis specifically examined how past experiences with influenza and COVID-19 vaccines influenced patients' willingness and likelihood to receive subsequent doses.

Results indicate that individuals who had previously received an influenza vaccine showed a significantly higher willingness (OR 2.73) and likelihood (OR 2.76) to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. This suggests that familiarity with seasonal flu immunization may lower barriers to accepting newer vaccine technologies or regimens.

Conversely, patients who had already received a COVID-19 vaccine demonstrated a marked increase in willingness (OR 3.04) and likelihood (OR 3.91) to receive influenza vaccines. These findings suggest that the two vaccination programs may share common psychological drivers or benefit from integrated public health messaging.

Clinicians can leverage these associations by integrating influenza and COVID-19 vaccine promotion into a single outreach strategy. By highlighting the shared benefits of both immunizations, providers may improve overall compliance and community protection against both respiratory pathogens.

How this fits prior evidence

This meta-analysis extends prior coverage on influenza vaccination by showing that prior influenza vaccination is associated with increased willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (OR 2.73) and vice versa. It complements findings on high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine in children and mRNA-1010 in older adults by suggesting that positive vaccination experiences may promote future vaccine uptake. The association aligns with the need for combined vaccine promotion strategies.

Researchers looked at 145 different studies from several countries, including the United States, China, and Thailand. They wanted to see if getting one type of vaccine influenced a person's willingness to get another. Specifically, they looked at how past experiences with flu shots related to future choices regarding COVID-19 vaccines.

The data showed that people who had received flu vaccines in the past were more likely to be willing to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Similarly, those who had already received a COVID-19 vaccine showed a much higher willingness and likelihood to receive flu shots in the future. These findings suggest that the two types of vaccinations may be linked in how people perceive them.

Because this was a review of existing studies rather than a new clinical trial, it shows a link between past actions and future feelings. It does not prove that one vaccine causes a change in behavior directly. However, the results suggest that health programs could combine flu and COVID-19 vaccine information to help more people get protected against both illnesses.

What this means for you:
People who have received flu shots are more likely to be willing to receive COVID-19 vaccines.

Common questions

Does getting a flu shot make someone more likely to get a COVID vaccine?

The study found that individuals who had received influenza vaccines in the past showed an increased willingness and likelihood to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Specifically, those with prior flu vaccinations were about 2.73 times more likely to be willing to get a COVID-19 shot.

Does getting a COVID vaccine make someone more likely to get a flu shot?

Yes, the data showed that people who had received a COVID-19 vaccine were more likely to be willing and likely to receive an influenza vaccine. The likelihood of receiving a flu vaccine was notably higher for those who had already been vaccinated against COVID-19.

What does this mean for public health programs?

The results suggest that strategies to promote the flu vaccine and the COVID-19 vaccine can be combined. Because people who get one are more likely to want the other, combining these efforts may help increase overall vaccination rates for both illnesses.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedJun 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the effect of vaccination history on future willingness or behavior to receive vaccinations for influenza and COVID-19.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL and Scopus databases were searched up to February 28, 2026, to identify relevant studies in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis ultimately included 145 population-based studies conducted in the United States, China, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, and other countries.ResultsPrior vaccination histories for influenza and COVID-19 interacted with each other and were associated with an increased willingness and likelihood to receive future vaccines. Specifically, having received the influenza vaccine was associated with an increased willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine(odds ratio [OR] = 2.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.34–3.19, 95% prediction interval:[PI] 0.66–11.07), as well as with an increased likelihood of actually receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (OR = 2.76, 95% CI: 2.32–3.29, 95%PI: 0.90–8.52). Receiving a COVID-19 vaccine was associated with an increased willingness to receive a influenza vaccine (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.25–7.39), and was also associated with an increased likelihood of actually receiving the influenza vaccine (OR = 3.91, 95% CI: 2.45–6.24, 95%PI: 0.81–18.81).ConclusionIn conclusion, prior vaccination history was associated with higher odds of future vaccination, and influenza and COVID-19 vaccination experiences influenced each other. Influenza and COVID-19 vaccine promotion strategies can likely be combined to increase overall vaccination rates.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO identifier CRD42024594174.
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