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Green exercise significantly improves mental health in older adults compared to indoor or urban exerciseGreen exercise improves mental health for older adults

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Key Takeaway
Consider green exercise as a potentially effective non-clinical approach to improve mental health in older adults.

This meta-analysis synthesized data from 26 studies to evaluate the impact of green exercise on mental health in older adults. The analysis compared green exercise against indoor exercise, urban exercise, and waitlist control conditions.

The results indicate that green exercise significantly improved mental health outcomes across all comparison groups. Compared to indoor exercise, the effect size was SMD = 0.70 (95% CI 0.44, 0.96). Compared to urban exercise, the improvement was even more pronounced with an SMD = 0.79 (95% CI 0.44, 1.15). When compared to waitlist control conditions, green exercise showed a significant improvement of SMD = 0.48 (95% CI 0.14, 0.81).

While the results suggest that green exercise may be an effective approach for improving mental health in older adults, specific clinical guidelines are not provided by the authors. The study notes that these findings represent an association or effect based on a meta-analysis of 26 studies. Clinical application should be considered with this context in mind.

How this fits prior evidence

This finding addresses a gap in evidence regarding non-clinical interventions for mental health. While prior coverage noted that rising temperatures and lower sunshine correlate with increased mental health service demand, these results suggest green exercise as a potential intervention for older adults. It also provides a specific environmental context for mental health improvement that differs from the arts-inclusive programs or occupational risk factors identified in other reported areas.

Many older adults struggle with mental health challenges, and finding the right way to stay active can be difficult. New data suggests that where you choose to move matters just as much as the movement itself.

Researchers looked at 26 different studies involving 1,468 older adults. They found that green exercise—physical activity in natural settings like parks or forests—significantly improved mental health compared to exercising indoors or in urban environments. The results showed a clear benefit for those choosing nature over city streets.

While the data shows a strong link between outdoor nature and better mental well-being, it is important to remember that these findings are based on a collection of studies rather than a single clinical trial. There are no specific medical guidelines yet, but the evidence suggests that getting outside could be a helpful way to support mental health.

What this means for you:
Older adults see better mental health results when they exercise in green spaces compared to indoor or urban settings.

Common questions

What is green exercise?

Green exercise means performing physical activity in natural environments, such as parks, forests, or gardens. The study found that this type of exercise significantly improved mental health for older adults when compared to exercising indoors or in urban areas.

How does outdoor exercise compare to indoor workouts?

The data shows that green exercise provides a significant improvement in mental health for older adults compared to indoor exercise. The results were consistent across the 26 studies analyzed, showing a clear benefit for those choosing nature.

Who does this finding help?

These findings specifically focus on older adults. The research suggests that green exercise may be an effective way to improve mental health outcomes for this specific age group compared to other types of exercise environments.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedJul 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
IntroductionThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of green exercise on mental health in older adults.MethodsA systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials identified 26 studies involving 1,468 older adults. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models, and risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential moderators, including geographic region, comparator condition, and intervention characteristics.ResultsThe results showed that green exercise significantly improved mental health in older adults compared with indoor exercise [SMD = 0.70, 95% CI (0.44, 0.96)], urban exercise [SMD = 0.79, 95% CI (0.44, 1.15)], and waitlist control conditions [SMD = 0.48, 95% CI (0.14, 0.81)]. Subgroup analyses did not identify significant moderators of the observed effects.ConclusionGreen exercise may be an effective approach for improving mental health in older adults. These findings highlight the importance of environmental context in shaping the mental health benefits of physical activity in later life and support the potential value of green exercise as a strategy for promoting psychological wellbeing in aging populations.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261277519.
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