OHI plus mechanical instrumentation shows higher success rates than OHI alone for peri-implant mucositis
This randomized controlled trial evaluated 56 patients with peri-implant mucositis (48 analyzed) over 1 and 3 months. The intervention compared oral hygiene instructions (OHI) alone to OHI plus mechanical instrumentation (MI). The primary outcome was disease resolution (success rates).
At the patient level, success rates were 39.1% for OHI alone versus 56% for OHI plus MI at 3 months. At the implant level, success rates were 36.4% versus 67.3%. The study noted a greater divergence in outcomes at 3 months, but reported that intergroup differences were not statistically significant. Both groups showed a significant reduction in the modified bleeding index (mBI) (p < 0.001).
Key secondary findings indicated that higher full-mouth plaque and bleeding indices at 3 months predicted lower patient-level success (p < 0.05). Patient compliance was strongly associated with improved outcomes (OR = 11.4, p = 0.004). Failure at the implant level was associated with OHI-only therapy, non-compliance, and higher mPI (p = 0.001). A history of periodontitis was linked to higher mBI at 3 months (p = 0.010). Safety and tolerability data were not reported.
A key limitation is that a history of periodontitis and posterior implant location negatively influenced outcomes. The lack of statistical significance for the primary comparison and unreported safety data limit definitive conclusions. For practice, the data suggest a potential numerical benefit for adding MI to OHI, but clinicians should interpret this cautiously due to the study's limitations and focus on optimizing patient compliance, which was a strong predictor of success.
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