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HPV E6/E7 mRNA testing shows 16.32% positivity in 11,118 cervical specimens across ChinaHPV testing finds active virus in 16% of cervical samples across China

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Key Takeaway
Consider that HPV E6/E7 mRNA positivity varies regionally in China, with older age and non-East regions linked to higher odds.

This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 11,118 female cervical specimens from seven geographic regions of China. The primary exposure was HPV E6/E7 mRNA testing, with analysis using institution-level cluster-robust standard errors and proxy-defined source-population categories.

The overall high-risk HPV E6/E7 mRNA positivity rate was 16.32% (1,815 of 11,118 specimens). Dominant genotypes were HPV52, HPV58, and HPV16. Regional variation was noted, with Central China having the highest overall positivity rate and East China the lowest. Among positive samples, 11.8% showed multi-type positivity, with HPV52 and HPV58 forming the most prominent co-detection pattern.

Multivariable analysis indicated that older age and non-East regions were associated with higher odds of overall positivity. The opportunistic screening proxy group showed markedly lower odds of positivity than the gynecology-related clinical attendance proxy group.

Safety and tolerability were not reported. A key limitation is that the distribution of transcriptionally active high-risk HPV genotypes across age groups and geographic regions in China remains insufficiently characterized. These findings may support more refined HPV surveillance and risk-adapted prevention strategies, but the observational design precludes causal inference.

A look at cervical samples from over 11,000 women across seven regions in China reveals how often the human papillomavirus is actively causing trouble. The virus was detected in 16.32% of the samples, meaning it was not just present but producing proteins that signal infection. This finding matters because it helps doctors understand where the virus is most active in the population.

The study found that certain types of the virus, specifically HPV52, HPV58, and HPV16, were the most common. Interestingly, women in central China had higher rates of active infection compared to those in the east. Age also played a role, with older women showing higher odds of having the virus active in their cells.

However, this research has limits. The distribution of these active virus types across different ages and regions is not fully understood yet. While these findings can help refine how we monitor and prevent cervical cancer, they show an association rather than proving that one specific cause leads directly to another.

What this means for you:
Active HPV virus was found in 16% of cervical samples, with risk varying by age and region.

Study Details

Study typeCohort
EvidenceLevel 3
PublishedApr 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BackgroundPersistent infection with carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is the necessary cause of cervical cancer. However, the distribution of transcriptionally active high-risk HPV genotypes across age groups and geographic regions in China remains insufficiently characterized. We aimed to define the nationwide epidemiologic profile of HPV E6/E7 mRNA positivity in China and to evaluate age-, region-, and proxy-defined source-population heterogeneity.MethodsIn this retrospective cross-sectional study, 11,118 female cervical specimens retrieved for HPV E6/E7 mRNA testing between August 14, 2024 and October 23, 2025 were analyzed from seven geographic regions of China. Fourteen high-risk HPV genotypes were detected using the Biotron HPV E6/E7 mRNA Genotyping Assay. Descriptive, co-detection, and multivariable logistic regression analyses with institution-level cluster-robust standard errors were performed.ResultsOverall high-risk HPV E6/E7 mRNA positivity was 16.32% (1,815/11,118). HPV52, HPV58, and HPV16 were the dominant genotypes, followed by HPV18 and HPV51. Overall positivity varied significantly across age groups, regions, institution-level proxy categories, and department-based clinical-context proxy categories. Central China had the highest overall positivity rate, whereas East China had the lowest. Significant age-related heterogeneity was observed for several major genotypes, especially HPV52, HPV58, and HPV16. Multi-type positivity accounted for 11.8% of positive samples, with HPV52 and HPV58 forming the most prominent co-detection pattern. In multivariable analyses, older age and several non-East regions were associated with higher odds of overall positivity, whereas the opportunistic screening proxy group showed markedly lower odds of positivity than the gynecology-related clinical attendance proxy group.ConclusionTranscriptionally active high-risk HPV infection in China is characterized by dominance of HPV52, HPV58, and HPV16 and by marked heterogeneity across age, geography, and proxy-defined testing contexts. These findings may support more refined HPV surveillance and risk-adapted prevention strategies.
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