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Dance and Tai Chi rank highest for depression and anxiety in non-pharmacological interventionsDance and Tai Chi show promise for depression and anxiety

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Key Takeaway
Consider dance for depression and Tai Chi or music for anxiety in patients aged 55 years and older.

This systematic review and network meta-analysis evaluated 11 non-pharmacological interventions, including dance, qigong, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), internet-based CBT (ICBT), resistance training, music, Tai Chi, MBSR, and outdoor walking. The analysis focused on efficacy for depression and anxiety in adults aged 55 years and older.

For depression, dance ranked highest with a SUCRA of 98.5% and demonstrated statistically significant superiority over CBT, ICBT, waitlist, and usual care. Resistance training (SUCRA = 67.5%) and CBT (SUCRA = 65.6%) were the next highest-ranked interventions for depression.

For anxiety, music (SUCRA = 78.9%) and Tai Chi (SUCRA = 77.1%) ranked highest; however, only Tai Chi and CBT showed statistically significant advantages over waitlist. The authors note that SUCRA rankings should be interpreted cautiously due to heterogeneity across studies.

Clinical application suggests a personalized, stepped-care approach for patients aged 55 years and older. While dance and music/Tai Chi show high probabilities of efficacy, the heterogeneous nature of the evidence limits definitive conclusions on specific superiority beyond the reported SUCRA rankings.

How this fits prior evidence

This network meta-analysis extends prior coverage regarding structured exercise modalities that significantly reduce depressive symptoms and anxiety in adults. It specifically adds data for older adults (aged 55 years and older) where dance, music, and Tai Chi showed high probabilities of efficacy. These findings complement previous evidence that exercise is a non-pharmacological option for anxiety symptoms.

Living with depression or anxiety can feel like an uphill battle, especially as we get older. While many people turn to traditional methods, new research highlights how movement and music might offer different paths toward feeling better. A large review of data from over 6,000 adults aged 55 and older looked at various ways to manage these conditions without using medication.

The study compared eleven different activities, including things like resistance training, outdoor walking, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). For those struggling with depression, dance stood out as a highly effective option. It performed better than standard care or other common therapies in the analysis. For those dealing with anxiety, music and Tai Chi showed high potential for relief.

While these results are encouraging, it is important to remember that every person's journey is unique. Because different people respond differently to various activities, experts suggest a personalized approach. Talk to your doctor to see which of these movements or therapies might be the best fit for your specific needs.

What this means for you:
Dance and Tai Chi show strong potential for helping older adults manage depression and anxiety symptoms.

Common questions

Can dancing really help with depression?

Yes, the study found that dance ranked highest for treating depression among the options tested. It showed a statistically significant advantage over other methods like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), internet-based CBT, and standard care for adults aged 55 and older.

What are the best activities for anxiety in older adults?

For managing anxiety, music and Tai Chi showed high potential. Specifically, Tai Chi and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) both showed statistically significant advantages over a waitlist when tested with adults aged 55 and older.

How do these activities compare to standard care?

The study compared eleven different non-pharmacological options. While dance was found superior to usual care for depression, Tai Chi and CBT were shown to be more effective than a waitlist for those dealing with anxiety.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedJun 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BackgroundDepression and anxiety are highly prevalent among older adults and significantly impair quality of life. Non-pharmacological interventions have increasingly gained attention as alternative or complementary therapeutic approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of these interventions for depression and anxiety in adults aged ≥55 years using a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA).MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, five databases were systematically searched from inception to March 2025. Eighty-three randomized controlled trials (RCTs; n = 6,646) were included, covering 11 non-pharmacological interventions such as dance, qigong, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), internet-based CBT (ICBT), resistance training, and others. A random-effects NMA was conducted using Stata 15.1, with efficacy ranked using Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA) values. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool, and certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. Publication bias was examined using comparison-adjusted funnel plots and Egger’s regression tests (depression: intercept = 2.40, p = 0.029; anxiety: intercept = 1.00, p = 0.538).ResultsEighty-three RCTs (n = 6,646) encompassing 11 interventions were included. For depression, dance ranked highest (SUCRA = 98.5%) and demonstrated statistically significant superiority over CBT, ICBT, waitlist, and usual care. Resistance training (SUCRA = 67.5%) and CBT (SUCRA = 65.6%) ranked next. For anxiety, music (SUCRA = 78.9%) and Tai Chi (SUCRA = 77.1%) ranked highest; however, only Tai Chi and CBT showed statistically significant advantages over waitlist. MBSR demonstrated limited efficacy across both outcomes, while outdoor walking ranked among the least effective interventions for depression.ConclusionsDance and music/Tai Chi demonstrated the highest probabilities of efficacy for depression and anxiety, respectively, followed by resistance training and CBT/ICBT. MBSR and outdoor walking showed limited effectiveness. Given the heterogeneity across studies, SUCRA rankings should be interpreted cautiously, and a personalized, stepped-care approach is recommended.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/, identifier CRD420251007063.
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