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AI-enabled and digital technology-assisted interventions may reduce dental anxiety during treatmentAI and digital tools may ease dental anxiety

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Key Takeaway
Note that AI-enabled and digital interventions may reduce dental anxiety but evidence remains limited by heterogeneity.

This exploratory meta-analysis synthesized evidence regarding AI-enabled and digital technology-assisted interventions for patients experiencing dental anxiety during treatment. The scope included various technologies such as computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), humanoid robots, smartphone applications, machine learning assessment tools, AI-linked virtual reality, and biofeedback programs.

A narrative synthesis of the data suggested that several of these interventions were associated with reductions in dental anxiety or improvements in patient behavior. These findings suggest that digital technologies may improve outcomes related to treatment adherence, behavioral response, and patient satisfaction during dental procedures.

The authors noted significant limitations, including a small number of studies with comparison groups, considerable heterogeneity among the included studies, and overall methodological limitations. The evidence is currently limited by these factors and should be interpreted with caution in clinical practice.

Clinically, while AI-enabled and digital tools show potential to improve the patient experience and manage anxiety during dental treatment, the current body of evidence is preliminary. Practitioners should consider these technologies as emerging options while acknowledging the uncertainty resulting from small study sizes and high heterogeneity.

A new exploratory meta-analysis suggests that AI-enabled and digital technology-assisted interventions may help reduce dental anxiety and improve patient behavior during dental treatment. These interventions include computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), humanoid robots, smartphone apps, machine learning approaches, AI-linked virtual reality, and biofeedback programs.

The review combined findings from several small studies, but the evidence is still limited. The researchers noted that there were few studies with comparison groups, and the studies themselves were small and varied widely in design. This makes it hard to draw firm conclusions.

No safety concerns were reported in the analysis, but the studies did not consistently track side effects or tolerability. The main takeaway is that these digital tools show promise, but more rigorous research is needed before they can be widely recommended.

For now, if you experience dental anxiety, talk to your dentist about options that might help. This review does not replace professional advice, but it points to a future where technology could play a bigger role in making dental visits less stressful.

What this means for you:
Digital tools like apps and VR may help with dental anxiety, but more research is needed.

Common questions

What kinds of digital tools were studied for dental anxiety?

The review looked at AI-enabled and digital technology-assisted interventions, including computerized cognitive behavioral therapy, humanoid robots, smartphone apps, machine learning approaches, AI-linked virtual reality, and biofeedback programs.

Is the evidence strong enough to recommend these tools?

No, the evidence is currently limited. The review was exploratory and included only a small number of studies with comparison groups. The studies were small and had considerable differences, so more research is needed.

Were there any side effects or safety concerns?

The review did not report any adverse events, serious adverse events, or discontinuations. However, safety was not consistently tracked in the included studies.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedJan 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BACKGROUND: Dental anxiety adversely affects receiving dental care when needed. Artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled and digital technology-assisted interventions have been recently explored for assessment, monitoring or alleviation of anxiety during dental treatment. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise current evidence and review effectiveness of AI-enabled or digital technology-assisted interventions on anxiety and treatment-related outcomes in dentistry. METHOD: The review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches were conducted across ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library. There were no date limitations applied. Search was restricted to human studies involving AI-enabled or digital technology-assisted interventions for dental anxiety management. Both interventional and observational studies were included for review. Data were extracted regarding study characteristics, intervention type, anxiety outcome measures, behavioural response, treatment adherence and satisfaction. Risk of bias was assessed utilising Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Owing to significant clinical and methodological heterogeneity among the included studies, quantitative synthesis was limited to a small subset of comparable studies and was therefore considered exploratory. RESULTS: Seven studies met our eligibility criteria. Eligible studies varied widely in design, population, intervention and outcome assessment modalities used. These were computerised cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), humanoid robots, smartphone applications, machine learning (ML) approaches to assessment, AI-linked virtual reality (VR) or biofeedback programs. Narrative synthesis suggested that several interventions were associated with reductions in dental anxiety or improvements in patient behaviour. Quantitative pooling was possible for only a few studies which were found to be comparable. Our conclusions from this exploratory meta-analysis are limited by the small number of studies with comparison groups available and considerable heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: AI-enabled and digital technology-assisted interventions have potential to improve dental anxiety-related outcomes and dental patient experience. The evidence is currently limited. The available studies are small and heterogeneous and methodologically limited. Future investigations should include larger, robust trials with standardised outcome measures and consistent operational definitions of AI.
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