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Co-design workshops with families improved study tools for rare genetic and neurodevelopmental conditionsSleep study designed by families, not just doctors

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Key Takeaway
Consider integrating family perspectives into research design to enhance accessibility and relevance for rare genetic conditions.

This public involvement and co-design study focused on young people with neurodevelopmental conditions caused by micro-deletions or duplications and their families. The population included nine parents and 13 children and young people with neurodevelopmental conditions caused by copy number variants (ND-CNVs). The intervention involved co-designing study tools, methods, protocols, and materials through Lived Experience Advisory Group (LEAP) workshops. No comparator was reported, and the study setting was not specified.

Main results indicated that the co-design process maximized opportunities for acceptability, accessibility, and scalability of the study design. The public and patient involvement (PPI) process was highly valued by LEAP members, workshop attendees, and the research team. Additionally, the process reinvigorated the researchers' love of research by helping them focus on science that matters. Families gained awareness about research, established peer support connections, and expressed enthusiasm for future involvement.

Secondary outcomes included iterative refinements to the main study design, identified needs for flexibility to increase accessibility, and specific inputs on sleep device selection, cognitive task customization, document language, and peer support networks. No adverse events, discontinuations, or tolerability data were reported as this was a design-focused study. Key limitations include the small sample size of nine parents and 13 young people, the lack of reported follow-up, and the absence of statistical measures or causal claims. Funding and conflicts of interest were not reported.

The practice relevance illustrates the significant difference that partnership between researchers and families makes to a project, offering wider benefits for all concerned. Clinicians should recognize the value of integrating family perspectives into research design to enhance accessibility and relevance, particularly for rare conditions.

  • Families helped build the study tools to fit real life
  • Kids with rare genetic issues feel more included
  • Results are still in research, not ready for home use

The Sleep Detective Game

Imagine a child who cannot sleep. They toss and turn. They feel tired all day. This happens often for kids with rare genetic changes. These changes are called Copy Number Variants or CNVs. They can cause learning difficulties or anxiety. But sleep problems make these issues worse.

Doctors have tried to study this. But they often fail. Why? Because the tests feel too hard. The devices are too big. The questions are too confusing. Parents say, "We want to help, but the study feels like a chore."

Sleep is the foundation of health. Without it, the brain struggles. For kids with CNVs, sleep is already fragile. Current studies ignore the real world. They happen in labs. They use strict rules. Families drop out because they cannot follow the rules.

We need a different approach. We need a study that fits into busy lives. We need tools that parents can actually use. This is where the Sleep Detectives team stepped in. They did not just design a study. They built it with the people who need it most.

The surprising shift

The team formed a special group called LEAP. This stands for Lived Experience Advisory Panel. It included nine parents and thirteen children. They also included charity leaders. Together, they sat down for workshops.

They did not just listen. They worked. They tested devices. They tried the tasks. They read the questions. If something was hard, they changed it. If a question was confusing, they rewrote it. This is a huge change from how research usually works.

What scientists didn't expect

Researchers often think they know best. They assume their tools are perfect. But this group proved them wrong. The parents showed that "perfect" often means "impossible." A small device might look good in a lab. But it might be too heavy for a child to carry to school. A complex task might look easy on paper. But it might take too long for a tired child.

The team learned to be flexible. They realized that "science that matters" must be practical. One researcher said this work reinvigorated their love of research. They realized they were studying real people, not just data points.

Think of a lock and a key. Old studies had a lock that only one specific key could open. That key was too big for most people. The new study is like a smart lock. It adjusts to the key you have.

The team chose sleep devices that are easy to wear. They picked cognitive tasks that do not require hours of focus. They used simple language in all documents. No big words. No confusing jargon. The goal was to make the study feel like a partnership. Not a test.

The study snapshot

The team held two in-person workshops. Families came from across the UK. They brought their own stories and ideas. They tested the tools right there. They gave feedback on the schedule. They said what support they needed. The researchers took every comment and used it to improve the plan.

The results were clear. The families loved being involved. They felt heard and respected. The study design became much better because of them. They found ways to reach more families. They made the process more accessible.

The families also built a support network. They connected with other parents facing similar challenges. This is a huge benefit. Isolation is a big problem for these families. Now they have a community. They are not alone.

This doesn't mean this treatment is available yet.

This is still a research project. It is not a new medicine you can buy at a pharmacy. The study is tracking sleep health over time. It will take years to see the full results. But the method is ready to be used.

Other researchers can copy this model. They can involve families in their own studies. This makes science more honest. It makes science more useful. It ensures that the people affected by the research are part of the solution.

The Sleep Detectives study shows a new way forward. It proves that listening to families changes everything. It turns a difficult task into a shared journey. For kids with rare genetic conditions, this means hope. It means a future where their voices matter. It means sleep research that actually works for them.

Study Details

EvidenceLevel 5
PublishedApr 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BackgroundThe mechanisms underpinning associations between sleep and psychiatric conditions are poorly understood, partly due to challenges with longitudinal sleep studies outside the laboratory. Children and young people with rare genetic conditions caused by micro-deletions or -duplications (Copy Number Variants or CNVs) have increased risk of disrupted sleep and poorer neurodevelopmental (ND) outcomes. The Sleep Detectives study aims to investigate this by tracking behavioural and neurophysiological signatures of sleep health in young people with ND risk or ND-CNVs. To optimally achieve this, we have worked with families with ND-CNVs and charity partners to co-design our tools, methods, study protocol, and materials. MethodWe established a Lived Experience Advisory Group (LEAP) with nine parents and 13 children and young people with ND-CNVs, alongside representatives of UK charities Max Appeal and Unique. Together, the research team and LEAP co-designed two in-person family workshops in which we collected feedback on the acceptability of sleep monitoring devices, the design of bespoke cognitive tasks, and overall study protocol. Informal interviews and surveys were conducted with LEAP members and researchers, to enable the team to reflect and learn from their Patient/Public Involvement (PPI) experiences. ResultsKey outputs included pre-workshop invitation and briefing materials and insights that iteratively refined the main study design, including the need for flexibility to increase accessibility, selection of sleep devices, customisation of cognitive tasks, and choice of language in documents. The PPI process was highly valued by LEAP members, workshop attendees, and the research team. One investigator described the PPI work as "reinvigorating my love of research by helping me focus on science that matters". Participating families also established peer support networks. ConclusionsInvolving families affected by ND-CNVs in co-designing the Sleep Detectives study maximised opportunities for acceptability, accessibility and scalability. The research team gained inspiration and deeper understanding of the impact of ND-CNVs on families. Families gained awareness about research, established connections with each other and peer support, and were enthusiastic about future research involvement. This experience empowered families to engage more deeply with the research process and helped the PPI work to be more impactful and inclusive. Plain English summaryChildren and young people with rare genetic conditions caused by small deletion or duplication of genetic material are more likely to experience sleep difficulties such as insomnia, restless sleep, and tiredness. They also show an increased likelihood of neurodevelopmental conditions such as learning disability and autism, and mental health issues such as anxiety. The Sleep Detectives team wanted to explore how these genetic conditions affect childrens sleep, cognition and psychiatric health. To make sure that the project design was well suited to the children and young people that would be invited to participate, the team worked closely with families to design the study. Parents and caregivers of affected children and young people were invited to join a Lived Experience Advisory Panel (LEAP), together with charity representatives and Sleep Detective researchers, to co-design two hands-on workshops, and advise on study design. Children and young people and parents/caregivers attending the workshops tried out and provided feedback on tools and devices that the research team were developing. They also advised on the arrangements and support families might need whilst taking part, and on the study protocol. This collaborative approach helped ensure the study design was optimally suited for the recruitment and participation of children and young people and their families. This report documents our public involvement work for the Sleep Detectives study, illustrating the difference the partnership between researchers and families has made to the project, and the wider benefits for all concerned.
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