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Functional and emotion-focused coping strategies are associated with lower distress in family carersCoping styles impact mental health for parents of children with disabilities

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Key Takeaway
Note that functional and emotion-focused coping are associated with lower distress in family carers of children.

This meta-analysis evaluates the impact of different coping strategies on psychological distress among family carers of dependent children and adolescents under 18. The study analyzed data from a sample size of 4548 to determine how dysfunctional, functional, emotion-focused, and problem-focused coping relate to subjective burden, anxiety, and depressive symptoms.

The synthesis indicates that dysfunctional coping is consistently associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and subjective burden. Conversely, functional coping and emotion-focused coping are generally associated with lower psychological distress and fewer depressive symptoms. Results for problem-focused coping were mixed across the included studies.

A primary limitation noted by the authors is that all included studies were cross-sectional in design. Consequently, these findings represent associations rather than established causal relationships. Clinical application should focus on identifying these patterns to support carers' mental health while acknowledging the limitations of the observational data.

How this fits prior evidence

This meta-analysis addresses a gap in understanding how specific coping mechanisms influence the mental health of family carers for children and adolescents. While previous evidence has explored non-pharmacological interventions like exercise-based and mind-body movement to reduce depressive symptoms in IBD, or visual art therapy for anxiety and depression in adults, this study specifically focuses on the role of coping strategies in a caregiver population.

Caring for a child who depends on you is demanding work. It often comes with a heavy mental load that can lead to feelings of anxiety and depression. New data looking at 4,548 family caregivers shows that the way people handle these daily stresses makes a real difference in their mental well-being.

Researchers found that using "dysfunctional" coping methods—habits that do not help solve the underlying problem—was consistently linked to higher levels of distress. On the other hand, using "functional" and "emotion-focused" strategies (ways to manage feelings) was associated with fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety. While results for "problem-focused" coping were mixed, the data suggests that focusing on emotions can be a helpful path.

It is important to remember that this research shows how these behaviors are linked rather than proving one causes the other. Because the studies were cross-sectional, they provide a snapshot of how caregivers feel at one time. However, identifying and encouraging healthier ways to manage stress could help many parents find more peace in their daily lives.

What this means for you:
Caregivers using emotion-focused and functional coping strategies report lower levels of anxiety and depression.

Common questions

How do different coping styles affect a caregiver's mental health?

Caregivers who use dysfunctional coping strategies are consistently linked to more feelings of anxiety, depression, and a heavier sense of burden. In contrast, those using functional or emotion-focused coping methods tend to report fewer symptoms of depression and less overall psychological distress.

What is emotion-focused coping?

Emotion-focused coping involves strategies aimed at managing the feelings and emotions that arise from a stressful situation. In this study, these types of coping were generally associated with lower levels of psychological distress for parents caring for dependent children.

What are the limitations of this research?

The studies included in this analysis were cross-sectional. This means they show a link between how people cope and their mental health, but they do not prove that one specifically causes the other. The results provide a snapshot of these associations.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
Sample sizen = 4,548
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedAug 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
INTRODUCTION: Caring for dependent children and adolescents places a substantial emotional and psychological burden on families. Coping strategies may influence the mental health of family carers. AIM: To systematically review how coping strategies relate to subjective burden, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in family carers of dependent children and adolescents. METHOD: Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis were performed, searching PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and LILACS (up to June 2025). Observational studies examining the association between coping strategies and subjective burden, anxiety, or depression in family members caring for dependent children aged under 18 were included. Study quality was assessed via sampling method, instrument reliability, and confounder control. RESULTS: Thirty-eight studies (42 samples; 4548 participants) were included. Dysfunctional coping was consistently associated with more depressive symptoms, anxiety, and subjective burden. In contrast, functional coping was related to fewer depressive symptoms and subjective burden. Emotion-focused coping and its individual strategies were generally associated with less psychological distress. Problem-focused coping showed mixed results. DISCUSSION: Dysfunctional coping appears to represent a risk to carers' mental health, whereas functional coping-particularly emotion-focused strategies-might be protective. However, all studies were cross-sectional. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Assessing and encouraging adaptive strategies, especially those focused on emotion coping, could improve carers' mental health. TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: PROSPERO: CRD42024533044.
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