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Arthritis affects 60.68% of SLE patients in Pakistan, with regional and temporal variationMore patients with lupus develop arthritis in recent years

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Key Takeaway
Consider arthritis screening in SLE patients in Pakistan given 60.68% pooled prevalence.

This meta-analysis pooled data from 10 studies to estimate the prevalence of arthritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Pakistan. The total sample size was 1292 patients. The primary outcome was the pooled prevalence of arthritis.

The pooled prevalence of arthritis was 60.68% (95% CI: 46.41%-74.08%). Regional variation was observed: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa had a prevalence of 78.13% (95% CI: 74.83%-81.11%), Punjab 58.94% (95% CI: 38.19%-78.15%), and Sindh 57.28% (95% CI: 29.43%-82.82%). Temporal variation was also noted: studies published after 2010 reported a prevalence of 67.89% (95% CI: 54.47%-79.95%), while those published before 2010 reported 42.11% (95% CI: 34.74%-49.67%).

The authors did not report limitations, safety outcomes, or funding sources. The comparator was not reported, and follow-up duration was not reported. The results are pooled estimates from a meta-analysis of 10 studies and should be interpreted with caution given the wide confidence intervals and the absence of reported heterogeneity or risk of bias assessments.

The high prevalence of arthritis in SLE patients in Pakistan suggests a need for improved screening and management. However, the observational nature of the included studies precludes causal inferences.

How this fits prior evidence

This meta-analysis extends prior coverage of SLE by quantifying the prevalence of arthritis in Pakistan, a manifestation not addressed in previous items. Prior evidence has focused on treatment (corticosteroids for shrinking lung syndrome), therapeutic drug monitoring (mycophenolic acid levels), biomarkers (prolactin, estradiol, galectin-3), and stigma (pooled prevalence 46%). The current finding of a 60.68% pooled arthritis prevalence adds to the understanding of SLE burden in a specific region, but it does not confirm or contrast with the prior findings, which addressed different aspects of SLE.

Living with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is often a journey of managing multiple symptoms at once. One of the most common complications is arthritis, a condition that causes joint pain and swelling. New data from Pakistan shows that arthritis is very common among those with lupus, affecting more than half of the patients studied.

Researchers looked at 1,292 patients to see how often arthritis occurs. They found a pooled prevalence of 60.68%. The data also showed that the numbers are higher in some regions, such as Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, where the rate reached 78.13%. These findings suggest that many people with lupus may need more focused care for their joints.

There is also a notable shift in the numbers over time. Studies published after 2010 showed a higher prevalence of arthritis at 67.89% compared to 42.11% in studies published before 2010. While these results are based on pooled data from 10 different studies, they highlight a significant need for better screening and management for patients dealing with both conditions.

What this means for you:
Over 60% of lupus patients in Pakistan have arthritis, with rates appearing higher in recent years.

Common questions

How common is arthritis in people with lupus?

In the study of 1,292 patients in Pakistan, the pooled prevalence of arthritis in those with systemic lupus erythematosus was 60.68%.

Are arthritis rates changing over time?

Yes, the data shows a shift. Studies published after 2010 reported a higher prevalence of arthritis at 67.89%, while studies before 2010 reported a lower prevalence of 42.11%.

Does the location affect how many people have arthritis?

Yes, there is regional variation. The prevalence was 78.13% in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 58.94% in Punjab, and 57.28% in Sindh.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
Sample sizen = 1,292
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedSep 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
INTRODUCTION: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with diverse clinical manifestations that significantly affect patients' quality of life. Arthritis is one of the most common and disabling manifestations of SLE. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive estimate of the prevalence of arthritis among patients with SLE in Pakistan and to evaluate regional and temporal variations. METHODS: Two independent reviewers selected eligible studies, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to account for between-study heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to explore potential sources of study-level variation. RESULTS: A total of 10 studies involving 1,292 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of arthritis among patients with SLE was 60.68% (95% CI: 46.41%-74.08%). Subgroup analysis showed that the highest prevalence was observed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) (78.13%; 95% CI: 74.83%-81.11%), followed by Punjab (58.94%; 95% CI: 38.19%-78.15%) and Sindh (57.28%; 95% CI: 29.43%-82.82%). Studies published after 2010 reported a higher pooled prevalence (67.89%; 95% CI: 54.47%-79.95%) than those published before 2010 (42.11%; 95% CI: 34.74%-49.67%). CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of arthritis among patients with SLE in Pakistan highlights the need for improved screening, early diagnosis, and effective management strategies to reduce disease burden and improve patient outcomes. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023420108) on May 1st, 2023.
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