CA-1 levels elevated in aqueous humor of DME patients compared to controls in cross-sectional study
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Key Takeaway
Interpret elevated aqueous CA-1 in DME as an observational association, not a causal finding.
This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 74 patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and 30 control patients in a real-world setting. The primary outcome was expression of carbonic anhydrase-1 (CA-1) in aqueous humor, with secondary outcomes examining correlations with other cytokines and macular structure. The main finding was that CA-1 levels were markedly elevated in the DME group compared to controls, with a geometric mean ratio of 10.65 (95% CI: 3.64–31.14). Safety and tolerability data were not reported. Key limitations include the observational, cross-sectional design, which can only show association, not causation. The sample size was modest, and the study did not report on clinical outcomes, intervention, or follow-up. The practice relevance is unclear as this is early biomarker research without established links to disease management or treatment response. Funding and conflicts of interest were not reported.
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View Original Abstract ↓
PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the expression of carbonic anhydrase-1 (CA-1) in the aqueous humor of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and to explore its correlations with other cytokines and macular structure in a real-world setting.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross-sectional study. A total of 74 patients were enrolled in the DME group, and 30 patients were included in the control group. Aqueous samples were collected before intravitreal injections or relevant surgical procedures. The concentrations of CA-1, prekallikrein (PK), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were measured using a cytometric bead array (CBA). Retinal structural biomarkers were examined using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus photography.ResultsThe levels of CA-1 in the aqueous humor were markedly elevated in patients with DME compared to the control group. The DME group showed a significantly higher geometric mean CA-1 level than the control group (geometric mean ratio = 10.65, 95% CI: 3.64–31.14, p
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