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Subcapsular orchiectomy yields higher treatment satisfaction but less hormonal and PSA suppression than total orchiectomySubcapsular orchiectomy leads to higher patient satisfaction in prostate cancer

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Key Takeaway
Note that subcapsular orchiectomy may offer higher patient satisfaction despite lesser hormonal and PSA suppression.

This meta-analysis evaluated the outcomes of subcapsular orchiectomy compared to total orchiectomy in 759 men with advanced prostate cancer. The analysis focused on hormonal suppression, biochemical markers, and patient-reported outcomes to differentiate the clinical impact of the two surgical techniques.

Key findings indicate that subcapsular orchiectomy is associated with higher postoperative testosterone levels (mean difference 4.03; 95% CI 2.78-5.28) and higher PSA levels (mean difference 0.94; 95% CI 0.54-1.33) compared to total orchiectomy. However, patients undergoing subcapsular orchiectomy reported significantly higher treatment satisfaction (odds ratio 3.78; 95% CI 1.98-7.19).

Other metrics, including overall functional assessment of cancer therapy-prostate scores, operative time, and luteinizing hormone levels, showed no significant differences between the two groups. While subcapsular orchiectomy may offer higher patient satisfaction, it may provide less effective hormonal and PSA suppression. These findings suggest a clinical trade-off between biochemical control and patient satisfaction in advanced prostate cancer management.

How this fits prior evidence

This meta-analysis addresses a gap in comparing surgical techniques for advanced prostate cancer. While prior evidence has focused on medical and radiotherapeutic interventions, such as Lu-PSMA-617 for progression risk or SRT for biochemical progression-free survival, this study specifically compares surgical approaches for hormonal management. It provides data on the trade-off between hormonal suppression and patient satisfaction in the surgical setting.

When men face advanced prostate cancer, the choice of surgery can have a big impact on their daily lives. This analysis looked at two different surgical methods: subcapsular orchiectomy and total orchiectomy. The goal was to see how these procedures affected hormone levels, cancer markers, and, most importantly, how patients felt about their treatment.

Researchers looked at data from 759 men. They found that men who had the subcapsular procedure reported much higher treatment satisfaction. While this group had higher testosterone and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels compared to those who had a total orchiectomy, their overall quality of life scores and the time spent in surgery were similar between both groups.

It is important to note that while satisfaction was higher with the subcapsular method, the higher hormone and PSA levels suggest it might offer less suppression of those specific markers. Because this is a meta-analysis of existing data, the results show a clear trend in patient satisfaction, but you should always talk to your doctor to decide which surgical path is best for your specific health needs.

What this means for you:
Subcapsular orchiectomy shows higher patient satisfaction scores despite higher hormone and PSA levels.

Common questions

How does patient satisfaction differ between the two surgeries?

Men who underwent subcapsular orchiectomy reported significantly higher treatment satisfaction than those who had a total orchiectomy. The data showed an odds ratio of 3.78 for higher satisfaction in the subcapsular group.

Are there differences in hormone levels after surgery?

Men who had the subcapsular orchiectomy had higher postoperative testosterone levels compared to those who had a total orchiectomy. However, there was no significant difference found in luteinizing hormone levels between the two groups.

Does the type of surgery affect the time spent in the operating room?

No, the study found no significant difference in operative time between subcapsular orchiectomy and total orchiectomy. Both procedures took a similar amount of time to perform.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
Sample sizen = 759
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedSep 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (CaP) is a leading malignancy in men, frequently diagnosed at advanced stages where androgen deprivation therapy remains the standard treatment. Surgical castration, either subcapsular or total orchiectomy, offers a definitive and cost-effective approach to androgen deprivation therapy. This study systematically compares clinical and patient-reported outcomes between subcapsular and total orchiectomy in patients with advanced CaP. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library through July 2025. Eligible studies included men with advanced CaP undergoing subcapsular or total orchiectomy. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 for randomized trials and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for nonrandomized studies. Data were analyzed using RevMan, and certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE approach. RESULTS: Twelve studies involving 759 patients were included. Subcapsular orchiectomy was associated with significantly higher postoperative testosterone levels (mean difference = 4.03, 95% confidence intervals 2.78-5.28), higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (mean difference = 0.94; 95% CI 0.54-1.33), and greater treatment satisfaction (odds ratios = 3.78; 95% confidence intervals 1.98-7.19) compared to total orchiectomy. No significant differences were found in overall functional assessment of cancer therapy-prostate scores, including physical, social, emotional, and functional well-being domains, prostate cancer subscale, operative time, and luteinizing hormone levels. CONCLUSIONS: Subcapsular orchiectomy may provide less effective hormonal and PSA suppression but greater treatment satisfaction, with comparable quality of life outcomes and operative time compared with total orchiectomy, suggesting a trade-off between biochemical suppression and patient-centered benefits.
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