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EPA and DHA supplementation significantly lowers inflammatory markers in coronary artery disease patientsFish oil supplements may lower inflammation in heart disease patients

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Key Takeaway
Note that EPA and DHA supplementation may lower specific inflammatory markers in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

This secondary analysis of a randomized trial evaluated 240 patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing statin therapy. The study specifically analyzed gingival crevicular fluid and systemic markers in 199 participants who provided samples.

The intervention group received 3.36 g/d of EPA and DHA, while the comparator group received no supplementation over a 30-month follow-up period.

Results showed that patients receiving EPA and DHA had significantly lower gingival crevicular fluid levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β in the left quadrant (P =.038). Additionally, these patients demonstrated significantly lower systemic neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios (P =.021) compared to those not receiving supplementation.

Safety data and tolerability were not reported. A noted limitation included the potential influence of handedness on localized anti-inflammatory effects in the left quadrant. While the results suggest that EPA and DHA may complement mechanical oral hygiene, the study did not measure primary clinical outcomes such as periodontal health or cardiovascular risk reduction.

How this fits prior evidence

How this fits prior evidence: This finding addresses a gap regarding nonpharmacological adjuncts for coronary artery disease patients. While previous coverage noted that comprehensive care significantly reduces all-cause death from 8.2% to 4.7% in coronary artery disease, these results specifically explore the role of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) as a potential supplement to standard therapy.

Living with coronary artery disease means managing constant inflammation. Researchers looked at how adding specific fish oils, known as EPA and DHA, might affect these inflammatory markers in patients already taking statins for their heart health.

The study followed 240 patients over 30 months. They found that those who took 3.36 grams of EPA and DHA daily had significantly lower levels of a specific inflammatory protein in their mouth fluids compared to those who did not take the supplement. They also saw a lower systemic neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, which is a common way doctors measure inflammation in the blood.

While these results are promising for managing inflammation, it is important to note that the study was a secondary analysis and did not directly measure improvements in gum health or heart risk. The researchers also noted that some local differences in the mouth might be linked to whether a person is left-handed or right-handed.

What this means for you:
Fish oil supplements may lower specific markers of inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease.

Common questions

What specific fish oils were used in this study?

The study looked at patients taking 3.36 grams per day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These are the primary omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil.

How did the fish oils affect inflammation markers?

Patients taking the EPA and DHA supplement showed significantly lower levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β in their mouth fluids. They also had a significantly lower systemic neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, which is a measure of inflammation in the blood.

Who was included in this study?

The study involved 240 patients who have stable coronary artery disease and are already undergoing statin therapy for their heart health.

Study Details

Study typeRct
Sample sizen = 240
EvidenceLevel 2
Follow-up30.0 mo
PublishedAug 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BACKGROUND: Given the recognized link between periodontal disease and cardiovascular conditions, the authors tested whether omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), could reduce key inflammatory markers. METHODS: In this secondary analysis, 240 patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing statin therapy were randomized to receive 3.36 g/d of EPA and DHA (test group) or no supplementation (control group) for 30 months. Of these, 199 patients had gingival crevicular fluid collected in the maxillary left and right quadrants. Oral and systemic inflammatory markers were compared. RESULTS: The EPA and DHA group had significantly lower gingival crevicular fluid levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β in the left quadrant (P = .038) and a lower systemic neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (P = .021) than the control group. The authors hypothesized that handedness may account for the localized anti-inflammatory effect in the left quadrant because right-handed people have better plaque removal on the left side. CONCLUSIONS: EPA and DHA supplementation lowered oral and systemic inflammation, potentially contributing to improved periodontal health and reducing cardiovascular risk. The site-specific difference may be influenced by means of handedness or toothbrushing behavior and warrants further investigation. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Supplementation with EPA and DHA can complement mechanical oral hygiene. Recommending powered toothbrushes may eliminate handedness-related differences, providing a more uniform anti-inflammatory effect alongside EPA and DHA supplementation. This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. The registration number is NCT01624727.
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