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Intravenous vitamin C associated with reduced mortality in patients with sepsis and septic shockVitamin C May Reduce Mortality in Patients with Sepsis

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Key Takeaway
Note that while vitamin C associated with lower mortality, evidence is of low quality and lacks multicenter confirmation.

The meta-analysis investigated the efficacy and safety of intravenous vitamin C for patients diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock. The primary outcome measured was 28-day mortality, while secondary outcomes included the duration and dosage of vasopressors, changes in SOFA scores, and length of hospital stay. The analysis also assessed urine output and the incidence of adverse events.

Results indicated that intravenous vitamin C was associated with a reduction in 28-day mortality and a shorter duration of vasopressor use. Additionally, the authors observed a greater reduction in SOFA scores among the treatment group. However, no significant changes were observed regarding the total dose of vasopressors, hospital length of stay, or 24-hour urine output. The intervention was reported to be generally safe and well-tolerated.

The authors highlighted several limitations, specifically noting the low quality of the available evidence. A critical finding was that the observed benefits were primarily driven by single-center studies and were not consistently observed in multicenter trials. Consequently, the clinical relevance of intravenous vitamin C for sepsis remains uncertain. Clinicians should interpret these findings with caution, as the evidence base is not robust enough to support a definitive change in standard practice.

Researchers looked at data from nearly 2,000 patients to see if intravenous vitamin C could help those suffering from sepsis or septic shock. The analysis found that patients receiving the vitamin were less likely to die within 28 days compared to those who did not receive it. The study also noted that these patients required less time on certain blood pressure medications and showed improvements in organ function scores.

However, it is important to note that the evidence for these benefits is of low quality. The positive results were mostly seen in studies conducted at a single hospital. These same benefits were not found in larger trials involving multiple different hospitals.

Because the data is limited and not consistent across all types of studies, it is not yet clear if vitamin C should change standard medical care. Patients and doctors should view these findings as an early indication rather than a confirmed treatment plan.

What this means for you:
Vitamin C may link to lower death rates in sepsis, but the evidence is currently of low quality and inconsistent.

Common questions

Does vitamin C help patients with sepsis?

The study found that intravenous vitamin C was associated with a lower 28-day mortality rate in patients with sepsis or septic shock. It also showed a greater reduction in organ failure scores and a shorter time spent on vasopressors. However, these benefits were primarily seen in single-center studies and were not confirmed in multicenter trials.

Is the evidence for vitamin C in sepsis strong?

The evidence is currently considered to be of low quality. While some results showed a link between vitamin C and better outcomes, these results were not consistent across different types of trials. Because the data is not robust, it is not yet clear how much vitamin C should change current medical practices.

Are there any known side effects of vitamin C for sepsis?

The study reported that intravenous vitamin C appeared safe for the patients involved. However, the researchers did not report specific adverse events or serious complications. You should speak with a healthcare provider to discuss the safety and risks of any specific treatment.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedSep 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
ObjectiveThe adjunctive therapeutic value of vitamin C in sepsis or septic shock patients remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of intravenous administration of vitamin C in sepsis or septic shock patients through meta-analysis.MethodsRelevant literature was searched in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases and other related databases. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included duration and total dose of vasopressors, change in sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores from baseline to the earliest reported time point between 72 and 96 h (ΔSOFA), hospital length of stay, intensive care unit length of stay, urine output in the 24-h, and incidence of adverse events.ResultsFourteen randomized controlled trials enrolling 1,958 patients were eligible for assessment. Meta-analysis demonstrated that intravenous vitamin C reduced 28-day mortality in sepsis or septic shock patients compared to the control group (RR 0.70; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.93; P = 0.02; I2 = 52%), based on low quality of evidence, and subgroup analysis showed the benefit was driven by single-center studies, not observed in multicenter trials. Vitamin C shortened the duration of vasopressor use (SMD = −0.42, 95% CI −0.77 to −0.08, P = 0.02) and was associated with a greater reduction in SOFA score (MD = −1.04, 95% CI −1.83 to −0.25, P = 0.01), but did not reduce vasopressor dose, length of stay, or 24-h urine output. No significant adverse events were reported.ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that intravenous vitamin C might be associated with reduced mortality in sepsis, but the benefit was not confirmed in low-risk-of-bias multicenter trials and was primarily driven by single-center studies. Intravenous vitamin C appeared safe. Given the exploratory nature of these subgroup analyses and the data-driven thresholds used, high-quality, multicenter RCTs are warranted.Systematic review registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD4204261367808, identifier CRD4204261367808.
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