Review of tart cherry effects in overweight and obesity reports inconsistent metabolic findings

Overweight and obesity remain major global health challenges and are closely associated with metabolic disturbances, including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypertension, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Dietary patterns rich in fruits and vegetables contribute to metabolic health, partly due to their complex matrix of bioactive compounds. Tart cherries (Prunus cerasus, TC) are widely consumed in fresh and processed forms and have attracted attention for their potential benefits in obesity-related conditions. This review critically summarizes current evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies investigating the effects of tart cherries and their derived products in overweight and obese individuals (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Animal studies consistently reported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic improvements following tart cherry supplementation. In humans, the evidence suggested potential benefits for blood pressure and selected inflammatory markers, whereas findings regarding lipid profile, glucose metabolism, and body composition remain inconsistent. Overall, tart cherries may favorably influence metabolic and vascular processes associated with obesity; however, heterogeneity in study design, dosage, and product form limits definitive conclusions. Further research should focus on identifying the key bioactive components, understanding their bioavailability and mechanisms of action, and determining which populations may benefit most from TC-based interventions.