This review looks at fertility preservation strategies for female patients with leukemia. The main options discussed are oocyte or embryo cryopreservation and ovarian tissue cryopreservation. However, the review highlights significant safety concerns that must be considered before these procedures are used.
Oocyte or embryo cryopreservation requires sexual maturity and ovarian stimulation. This requirement limits its use in prepubertal girls who may need treatment before reaching puberty. Additionally, ovarian tissue cryopreservation remains controversial because of the risk of leukemic cell contamination.
Experimental evidence indicates that leukemic cells can infiltrate reproductive tissues. This infiltration can potentially compromise tissue integrity and function. The review notes risks of leukemic cell contamination and potential disease reintroduction following transplantation. Because of these risks, the application of ovarian tissue cryopreservation is not straightforward. Patients and doctors must weigh the potential for preserving fertility against the danger of the cancer returning through the preserved tissue.