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27 facilitators and 79 barriers shape cervical cancer screening in women living with HIVIdentifying barriers to cervical cancer screening for women with HIV

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Key Takeaway
Consider that multiple psychosocial and systemic factors influence cervical cancer screening uptake in women living with HIV.

This systematic review and meta-aggregative synthesis of qualitative studies analyzed 10 articles to explore facilitators and barriers to cervical cancer screening among women living with HIV. The authors identified 27 facilitators and 79 barriers, categorized into two main themes and six sub-themes. The synthesis provides a comprehensive overview of factors influencing screening uptake, including individual, social, and health system determinants.

Key facilitators included factors such as provider recommendation, knowledge about screening benefits, and social support. Barriers encompassed fear, stigma, lack of awareness, logistical challenges, and negative healthcare experiences. The qualitative synthesis does not provide quantitative effect sizes or comparative data against HIV-negative women, though the background mentions such comparisons.

The review's limitations include the inherent subjectivity of qualitative data and potential publication bias. The authors did not report funding sources or conflicts of interest. Practice relevance is noted: the findings offer evidence to inform interventions aimed at promoting cervical cancer screening in this population, but causal inferences cannot be drawn from this synthesis.

How this fits prior evidence

This meta-aggregative synthesis extends prior coverage by providing a patient-centered qualitative perspective on screening barriers and facilitators among women living with HIV. While prior items focused on molecular mechanisms (NLRP3 inflammasome, microbiome dysbiosis) and prognostic biomarkers (lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio), this review addresses real-world implementation gaps. It complements the systematic review on innate immune recognition in HPV-related cervical cancer by highlighting psychosocial and systemic factors that influence screening uptake, which are critical for translating biological insights into effective prevention strategies.

For many women living with HIV, getting regular health checkups is not always a simple task. This is especially true for cervical cancer screening, which is vital for early detection and prevention. A review of existing research highlights why some women struggle to access these life-saving tests.

Researchers looked at 10 different articles to find out what helps or hinders the process. They identified 27 facilitators that can make it easier for women to get screened, but they also found a much larger number of obstacles. Specifically, they mapped out 79 different barriers that prevent women from getting the care they need.

These barriers fall into several categories, and understanding them is key to improving healthcare. By identifying these specific hurdles, health providers can work on better ways to support patients. While this study summarizes existing reports rather than testing a new treatment, it provides a clear map of what needs to change to improve screening rates for women living with HIV.

What this means for you:
Women with HIV face 79 different barriers that make it difficult to access cervical cancer screenings.

Common questions

What are the main challenges for women with HIV getting screened?

The research identified a total of 79 different barriers that can prevent women living with HIV from getting cervical cancer screenings. These obstacles fall into several sub-themes that make it harder for these patients to access necessary preventative care.

Are there things that make screening easier?

Yes, the study identified 27 facilitators. These are factors that can help support and encourage women living with HIV to successfully complete their cervical cancer screenings.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedJun 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BackgroundEvidence suggests that 58% of new cervical cancer cases worldwide occur among women living with HIV. However, compared with HIV-negative women, this population has significantly poorer access to healthcare services for cervical cancer screening. There is a need to better understand the factors influencing their uptake of cervical cancer screening within the context of their lives. This study aims to objectively evaluate and synthesize qualitative studies on the facilitators and barriers to cervical cancer screening among women living with HIV.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in four databases—Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and CINAHL—covering the period from January 2000 to December 2024. The included studies were qualitatively reviewed according to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) guidelines. A meta-aggregative approach was used to summarize and categorize the identified facilitators and barriers.ResultsA total of 10 articles were included in the study, identifying 27 facilitators and 79 barriers. These factors were categorized into two main themes and six sub-themes.ConclusionWomen living with HIV face specific barriers to participating in cervical cancer screening. The findings of this review provide evidence to promote cervical cancer screening in this vulnerable population. Future research should focus on increasing the engagement of women living with HIV in cervical cancer screening to develop new strategies for their long-term participation and to contribute to the elimination of cervical cancer at local and global levels.Trial Registrationidentifier [CRD42024498012].
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