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TCM nursing techniques combined with music-based interventions improve sleep quality in older adultsChinese Medicine and Music Improve Sleep in Older Adults

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Key Takeaway
Consider TCM nursing techniques combined with music-based interventions to improve sleep quality and reduce anxiety in older adults.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of TCM nursing techniques combined with music-based interventions (including auricular acupressure, Baduanjin, and TCM massage) on older adults with insomnia. The analysis included 838 participants to assess primary outcomes like sleep quality and secondary outcomes such as anxiety and pain levels.

The meta-analysis reported a significant improvement in sleep quality, measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), with a mean difference (MD) of -2.28 (95% CI: -3.07 to -1.48). Additionally, patients experienced greater reductions in anxiety scores (MD = -9.95; 95% CI: -14.31 to -5.59) and pain scores (MD = -1.06; 95% CI: -1.57 to -0.54). Auricular acupressure combined with music-based interventions showed a stable effect on sleep quality with an MD of -1.89 (95% CI: -2.55 to -1.23).

The authors suggest that these non-pharmacological interventions may be clinically relevant for managing insomnia, anxiety, and pain in older adults. While the results are promising, the study notes that interventions lasting 15 days or longer might be more likely to produce stable benefits. No specific safety data or limitations were reported in the analysis.

How this fits prior evidence

This meta-analysis extends prior evidence regarding non-pharmacological treatments for insomnia. It builds upon findings that nurse-administered acupressure reduces PSQI scores by MD -7.61 in menopausal women and explores TCM-based combination therapies as an alternative to oral medication, which currently has low-quality data.

A new analysis of past studies suggests that traditional Chinese medicine nursing techniques combined with music-based interventions may help older adults sleep better. The review looked at 838 older adults across several trials. It found that these approaches improved sleep quality, reduced anxiety, and eased pain compared to a control group.

The techniques included auricular acupressure (pressing points on the ear), Baduanjin (a gentle exercise), and traditional Chinese massage. Music was also part of the treatment. The review measured sleep using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). On average, sleep scores improved by about 2.3 points. Anxiety scores dropped by nearly 10 points, and pain scores decreased by about 1 point on a scale.

The most stable results came from combining auricular acupressure with music. The review also noted that treatments lasting 15 days or longer may produce more consistent benefits. However, the studies did not report any side effects or safety issues, so it is unclear how safe these approaches are for everyone.

This is a meta-analysis, which combines results from multiple smaller studies. While the findings are promising, the quality of the original studies was not fully reported. Older adults interested in these techniques should talk to their doctor before trying them.

What this means for you:
Combining traditional Chinese nursing techniques with music may improve sleep, anxiety, and pain in older adults.

Common questions

What techniques were used in the study?

The study combined traditional Chinese medicine nursing techniques such as auricular acupressure, Baduanjin, and traditional Chinese medicine massage with music-based interventions.

How much did sleep improve?

Sleep quality, measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, improved by an average of 2.28 points compared to the control group.

How long should the treatment last?

The review suggests that interventions lasting 15 days or longer may be more likely to produce stable benefits.

Are there any side effects?

The studies did not report any side effects or safety concerns, so it is unclear how safe these approaches are for everyone.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedJun 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to systematically evaluate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine nursing techniques combined with music-based interventions on sleep quality in older adults and to explore their effects on anxiety and pain.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to 9 May 2026 were systematically searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Embase. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 15.0. The primary outcome was the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the secondary outcomes were the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Fixed- or random-effects models were selected according to the degree of heterogeneity, and subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 11 RCTs involving 838 older adults were included. The pooled results showed that the combined intervention significantly improved sleep quality [PSQI: mean difference (MD) = −2.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): −3.07 to −1.48]. Compared with the control group, the combined intervention was also associated with greater reductions in anxiety (SAS: MD = −9.95, 95% CI: −14.31 to −5.59) and pain (VAS: MD = −1.06, 95% CI: −1.57 to −0.54). Subgroup analyses showed that auricular acupressure, Baduanjin, and traditional Chinese medicine massage combined with music-based interventions all improved PSQI scores. Among these, auricular acupressure combined with music-based interventions showed the most stable effect (MD = −1.89, 95% CI: −2.55 to −1.23). Interventions lasting 15 days or longer were associated with lower heterogeneity and more stable effects.ConclusionTraditional Chinese medicine nursing techniques combined with music-based interventions may improve sleep quality in older adults and may also help reduce anxiety and pain. Different combined approaches showed favorable effects, with auricular acupressure combined with music-based interventions demonstrating the most stable results. Interventions lasting 15 days or longer may be more likely to produce stable benefits.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420261308801.
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