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ADHD doubles bruxism odds in meta-analysis of 16,348 individualsPeople with ADHD are twice as likely to have teeth grinding

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Key Takeaway
Consider screening for bruxism in patients with ADHD, given the twofold increased odds.

This meta-analysis pooled data from 16,348 individuals to assess the association between ADHD and bruxism. The primary outcome was the presence of bruxism, comparing individuals with ADHD to non-ADHD controls. The pooled analysis found that individuals with ADHD were two times more likely to present bruxism compared to controls (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.72-2.71; p < 0.00001). This effect size indicates a doubling of odds, but the analysis is limited by moderate heterogeneity and potential small-study bias, which may affect the precision of the estimate.

The authors note that the relationship is an association, not necessarily causal. The meta-analysis does not report on adverse events, tolerability, or other safety outcomes, as these were not the focus. Additionally, the follow-up duration and specific study settings were not reported, limiting the ability to generalize findings across different clinical contexts.

For clinicians, this finding suggests that bruxism may be more common in patients with ADHD, and it may be worth screening for bruxism in this population. However, given the observational nature of the included studies and the noted limitations, these results should be interpreted with caution. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms and whether ADHD treatment influences bruxism risk.

How this fits prior evidence

This meta-analysis extends prior coverage on ADHD by linking the disorder to a dental comorbidity, bruxism. Previous items focused on medication adherence, symptom reporting, and neurobiological correlates. The finding that ADHD doubles bruxism odds (OR 2.16) adds a new clinical dimension, suggesting that beyond psychiatric and neurodevelopmental features, ADHD may be associated with oral health issues. This contrasts with the distinct genetic signals noted for ADHD in cord blood, emphasizing a broader phenotypic impact. It also complements the emphasis on parental and clinical awareness of ADHD-related challenges, now including potential bruxism.

If you have ever woken up with a sore jaw or noticed your teeth grinding at night, you might be dealing with bruxism. While many people experience this, a new look at the data suggests it may be more common for those living with ADHD.

Researchers looked at a large group of over 16,000 people to see if there was a connection between these two conditions. They found that people with ADHD were twice as likely to have bruxism compared to those without ADHD. This link was consistent enough to be statistically significant, meaning it is unlikely to have happened by chance.

It is important to remember that this finding shows a link, not a direct cause. The study did have some limitations, such as differences in how individual studies were conducted. While the connection is clear, it does not mean everyone with ADHD will experience jaw issues. Talk to your doctor if you notice persistent jaw pain or teeth grinding.

What this means for you:
People with ADHD are twice as likely to experience bruxism, or teeth grinding, than those without ADHD.

Common questions

What is bruxism?

Bruxism is the medical term for grinding your teeth or clenching your jaw. This study looked at how often this happens in people with ADHD. The results showed that people with ADHD were two times more likely to have bru_xism than people without the condition.

Is there a direct link between ADHD and teeth grinding?

The study found a clear association between ADHD and bruxism. While people with ADHD were twice as likely to have the condition, the study shows an association rather than a proven cause. This means while the two often appear together, one does not automatically cause the other.

How many people were included in this study?

The researchers analyzed data from a large group of 16,348 people. This large sample size helped them confirm that the link between ADHD and bruxism was statistically significant, with a very low p-value of less than 0.00001.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedSep 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition characterized by symptoms of inattention, disorganization, and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. Bruxism, defined as repetitive masticatory muscle activity involving clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or forceful mandibular movements, has been associated with several physiological and psychosocial factors. Considering the neurobehavioral profile of individuals with ADHD, a possible association between ADHD and bruxism has been hypothesized.AimsTo determine whether an association exists between ADHD and bruxism.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted across five electronic databases and two gray literature sources. Observational studies comparing individuals with ADHD to non-ADHD controls, with data on the presence of bruxism, were included. Independent authors conducted study selection and data extraction. Risk of bias was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tools. A pairwise meta-analysis was performed using RevMan Web. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Results: Sixteen studies with 16,348 participants were included. The pooled OR indicated that individuals with ADHD were two times more likely to present bruxism compared to controls (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.72-2.71; p < 0.00001, I2 51%). Subgroup analyses by age group showed a consistent association across children, adolescents, and adults. Moderate heterogeneity and potential small-study bias (with little impact on the pooled results after sensitivity analysis) were observed.ConclusionsCurrent evidence supports a possible association between ADHD and bruxism.
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