This review looked at the mental health of children and adolescents living in areas of armed conflict and forced displacement. The findings show a consistent link between these experiences and higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety. These children also frequently experience behavioral issues, problems with sleep, and difficulties with social functioning.
When looking at treatments, the review found that trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and narrative exposure therapy have the strongest evidence for helping. However, these specific treatments are often hard to provide in active conflict zones because they require specialized skills. In those cases, group sessions and programs led by non-specialists may reach more children, though their results can vary.
Because of the large gaps in available services for refugees and displaced people, experts suggest a layered approach. This means providing culturally adapted care in schools, families, and primary care settings. Because this is a narrative review, the findings highlight the need for diverse support systems rather than a single proven cure.
