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Nerve decompressive surgery of the lower limbs reduces pain scores in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathyNerve surgery may reduce pain for patients with diabetic neuropathy

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Key Takeaway
Note that NDSLL reduces pain scores at 6 and 12 months, but lacks impact on other clinical outcomes like sensation.

This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of nerve decompressive surgery of the lower limbs (NDSLL) for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The analysis included 207 patients across 7 trials. The primary finding was a statistically significant reduction in VAS scores compared to no surgery at both 6 months (-2.77 WMD; 95% CI: -3.84 to -1.69) and 12 months (-2.41 WMD; 95% CI: -4.52 to -0.29).

Secondary outcomes including quality of life, nerve conduction velocity, balance, ulcer healing, and sensation did not show evidence of improvement in the included randomized controlled trials. The study noted several limitations, including a high risk of bias across most trials, lack of participant and personnel blinding, and the absence of sham surgery controls in 6/7 trials. Furthermore, the analysis noted incomplete outcome data, selective reporting, substantial publication bias (25% publication rate), and wide confidence intervals at 12 months.

Clinical application is limited by low certainty due to methodological heterogeneity and small sample sizes. While NDSLL may offer pain relief for selected patients, it remains an investigational procedure as no improvements were found in other clinical metrics.

How this fits prior evidence

This finding addresses a gap in surgical interventions for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). While prior evidence identifies immunometabolic dysregulation as a driver of hyperalgesia and hypoesthesia in DPN, and establishes pregabalin 300 or 600 mg/day as an effective pharmacological treatment for pain relief, this meta-analysis explores surgical options. The findings confirm that NDSLL may reduce pain scores, but the lack of improvement in sensation or nerve conduction velocity suggests it does not address the underlying neuroinflammation or hyperalgesia identified in prior evidence.

Living with diabetic peripheral neuropathy means dealing with constant nerve pain in the lower limbs. This condition often makes daily movement difficult and uncomfortable. A recent review of seven trials involving 207 patients looked at whether a specific type of surgery, called nerve decompression, could help manage this persistent pain.

The data showed that patients who underwent the surgery reported lower pain scores at six months and twelve months compared to those who had no surgery. However, it is important to note that while pain scores dropped, other factors like balance, sensation, and wound healing did not show improvement in the trials.

Because the study was small and faced issues like high risk of bias and incomplete data, the results are not definitive. The procedure remains investigational. Patients should talk to their doctors about whether this specific surgery is a viable option for their individual needs.

What this means for you:
Surgery may lower pain scores for some patients with diabetic neuropathy, but other clinical outcomes did not improve.

Common questions

Can this surgery help with the pain of diabetic neuropathy?

The study found that patients who had nerve decompression surgery reported lower pain scores at both six months and twelve months compared to those who did not have surgery. However, because the evidence is limited by a small sample size and high risk of bias, it is still considered an investigational procedure.

Will this surgery improve my balance or sensation?

The study did not find enough evidence to show that nerve decompression surgery improved other factors like balance, sensation, ulcer healing, or nerve conduction velocity. These outcomes did not show improvement in the trials analyzed.

Are there risks involved with this surgery?

The study reported some wound-related complications following the procedure, including infection, edema (swelling), hematoma, and dehiscence. You should discuss these specific risks and your overall health with your doctor to see if you are a candidate.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedJul 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
ObjectiveThere is no consensus on the efficacy and safety of nerve decompressive surgery of lower limbs (NDSLL) for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NDSLL compared with no surgery in DPN by analyzing relevant evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsUsing PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.org and Chictr.org.cn, a systemic literature review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (CRD42021295459).ResultsScreening filtered 793 studies to 7 trials containing 207 patients. Only two of the eight registered RCTs have been published (25% publication rate), indicating substantial publication bias. Risk of bias was high across most trials, with particular concerns regarding: lack of participant and personnel blinding; absence of sham surgery controls in 6/7 trials; incomplete outcome data; and selective reporting. These methodological flaws likely contribute to overestimation of treatment effects. Compared to no surgery, NDSLL was associated with VAS reduction at postoperative month (POM) 6 (WMD: −2.77, 95% CI: −3.84 to −1.69) and POM 12 (WMD: −2.41, 95% CI: −4.52 to −0.29). However, wide confidence intervals—particularly at 12 months—and high bias risk limit confidence in these estimates. No RCT evidence supported improvement in quality of life, nerve conduction velocity, balance, ulcer healing, or sensation. Among 113 NDSLL patients, 27 (23.9%) experienced wound-related complications (infection, dehiscence, edema, hematoma); no complications were reported in no-surgery groups.ConclusionsNDSLL may offer pain relief in selected DPN patients, but the current evidence is derived from a small number of high-bias RCTs with substantial publication bias, considerable methodological heterogeneity, and a notable complication rate. The true treatment effect may be substantially smaller than pooled estimates suggest. The absence of demonstrable benefit on quality of life, nerve function, balance, ulcer healing, or sensation constrains clinical utility. NDSLL should remain an investigational procedure pending adequately powered, sham-controlled, multicenter RCTs with standardized outcome measures. More high-quality research is urgently needed before NDSLL can be recommended as standard treatment.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42021295459, PROSPERO CRD42021295459.
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