Systematic review of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory strategies for male infertility and immune-mediated testicular disorders

This systematic review examines targeted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory interventions acting on specific immune pathways in male reproductive health. The authors discuss conditions associated with immune disruption, including varicocele, testicular torsion, prostatitis, orchitis, viral infections, environmental toxicant exposure, aging, and obesity, as illustrative examples.

The review synthesizes narrative evidence that these targeted strategies represent major therapeutic directions. It does not report pooled effect sizes, as the underlying studies are heterogeneous and largely experimental. The authors note that many precision interventions and other emerging therapies remain at the preclinical or early clinical stage.

Key limitations include the absence of reported quantitative data, such as effect sizes, p-values, or confidence intervals, and the lack of specified study populations or sample sizes. The review does not provide safety data or adverse event rates. The authors acknowledge that current evidence is insufficient to support routine clinical use.

Clinicians should interpret these findings as a conceptual framework rather than actionable guidance. The review underscores the need for well-designed trials to establish efficacy, safety, and optimal dosing before widespread adoption.