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Pediatrics
Meta-analysis
Caesarean birth and perinatal antibiotics are associated with reduced gut microbial diversity
Birth method and antibiotics impact infant gut bacteria variety
This meta-analysis of 5,309 healthy term infants found that while bacterial abundance differences between vaginal and caesarean births were …
New research explores how vaginal birth versus C-sections and early antibiotic use shape the essential bacteria in a baby's developing gut.
Jul 4, 2026
Pediatrics
Guideline
Expert consensus on managing dysbiosis in infants born by cesarean section
Expert Panel: Breastfeeding Key After C-Section for Baby's Gut Health
This targeted narrative review and guideline summarizes expert consensus on dysbiosis in infants born by cesarean section. Key recommendatio…
Experts agree: C-section babies need breastfeeding and targeted nutrition to support healthy gut bacteria in the first 1,000 days.
Frontiers
May 20, 2026