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Home › Conditions › Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid Cancer

13 published articles · Updated continuously

Clinical Trial Landscape

Clinical Trials for Thyroid Cancer

79 trials tracked for Thyroid Cancer: 6 in phase 3 or 4 and 1 with published results. The most-cited published study has 104 citations.

79Trials tracked
6Phase 3 & 4
0Recruiting
1With published results
Phase distribution
Phase 4 1 Phase 3 5 Phase 2 53 Phase 1 4 Other / NA 16
  1. Phase 3 A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Trial of Lenvatinib (E7080) in 131I-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC) Completed · 104 cited
  2. Phase 4 To Compare The Effects Of Two Doses Of Vandetanib In Patients With Advanced Medullary Thyroid Cancer Completed
  3. Phase 3 Study to Determine if Contacting Patients With MTC More Frequently Results in Earlier Detection and Treatment of Signs and Symptoms of AEs and Thus a Decrease in the Percentage of Time Patients Experience AEs During First 12 Months on Vandetanib Treatment Completed
  4. Phase 3 Nexavar® Versus Placebo in Locally Advanced/Metastatic RAI-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Completed
  5. Phase 3 An Efficacy Study Comparing ZD6474 to Placebo in Medullary Thyroid Cancer Completed
  6. Phase 3 Efficacy of XL184 (Cabozantinib) in Advanced Medullary Thyroid Cancer Completed
Show 44 more trials
  1. Phase 2 Study of the Anti-angiogenesis Agent AG-013736 in Patients With Metastatic Thyroid Cancer Completed
  2. Phase 2 Sunitinib Malate in Treating Patients With Iodine-Refractory Recurrent or Metastatic Thyroid Cancer Completed
  3. Phase 2 A Study of E7080 in Subjects With Advanced Thyroid Cancer Completed
  4. Phase 2 A Trial of Lenvatinib (E7080) in Subjects With Iodine-131 Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer to Evaluate Whether an Oral Starting Dose of 18 Milligram (mg) Daily Will Provide Comparable Efficacy to a 24 mg Starting Dose, But Have a Better Safety Profile Completed
  5. Phase 2 Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Oral Lenvatinib in Medullary and Iodine-131 Refractory, Unresectable Differentiated Thyroid Cancers, Stratified by Histology Completed
  6. Phase 2 Bortezomib in Treating Patients With Metastatic Thyroid Cancer That Did Not Respond to Radioactive Iodine Therapy Completed
  7. Phase 2 Dabrafenib With or Without Trametinib in Treating Patients With Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Completed
  8. Phase 2 Energy Metabolism in Thyroidectomized Patients Completed
  9. Phase 2 Efficacy and Safety of Vandetanib (ZD6474) in Patients With Metastatic Papillary or Follicular Thyroid Cancer Completed
  10. Phase 2 Aflibercept in Treating Patients With Recurrent and/or Metastatic Thyroid Cancer That Did Not Respond to Radioactive Iodine Therapy Completed
  11. Phase 2 Efficacy and Tolerability of ZD6474 in Patients With Thyroid Cancer Completed
  12. Phase 2 Selumetinib in Treating Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancer That Did Not Respond to Radioactive Iodine Completed
  13. Phase 2 A Phase I/II Study of MLN0128 in Metastatic Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer and Incurably Poorly Differentiated or Radioidodine Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Completed
  14. Phase 2 Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) in the Treatment of Non-Anaplastic Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer Completed
  15. Phase 2 Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy and Paclitaxel With or Without Pazopanib Hydrochloride in Treating Patients With Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Completed
  16. Phase 2 Phase II Trial of Sorafenib (Nexavar) in Patients With Advanced Thyroid Cancer Completed
  17. Phase 2 A Study To Assess ZD6474 (ZACTIMA™) Monotherapy In Locally Advanced or Metastatic Hereditary Medullary Thyroid Cancer Completed
  18. Phase 2 Tanespimycin in Treating Patients With Inoperable Locoregionally Advanced or Metastatic Thyroid Cancer Completed
  19. Phase 2 Pazopanib Hydrochloride in Treating Patients With Advanced Thyroid Cancer Completed
  20. Phase 2 Sutent Adjunctive Treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Completed
  21. Phase 2 Pioglitazone in Thyroid Cancers Completed
  22. Phase 2 Abemaciclib in Metastatic or Locally Advanced Anaplastic/Undifferentiated Thyroid Cancer Completed
  23. Phase 2 Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Thyroid Cancer Completed
  24. Phase 2 Phase 1/2 Study of the Highly-selective RET Inhibitor, Pralsetinib (BLU-667), in Participants With Thyroid Cancer, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, and Other Advanced Solid Tumors Completed
  25. Phase 2 Inolitazone Dihydrochloride and Paclitaxel in Treating Patients With Advanced Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Completed
  26. Phase 2 Study of Denosumab in the Treatment of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy in Subjects With Elevated Serum Calcium Completed
  27. Phase 2 Iodine I-131 With or Without Selumetinib in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Thyroid Cancer Completed
  28. Phase 2 Cabozantinib-S-Malate in Treating Patients With Refractory Thyroid Cancer Completed
  29. Phase 2 Sorafenib Tosylate in Treating Younger Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms Tumor, Liver Cancer, or Thyroid Cancer Completed
  30. Phase 2 Pembrolizumab in Recurrent or Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer Completed
  31. Phase 2 REVLIMID® (Lenalidomide) for Therapy of Radioiodine-Unresponsive Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas Completed
  32. Phase 2 Decitabine in Treating Patients With Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Cancer or Follicular Thyroid Cancer Unresponsive to Iodine I 131 Completed
  33. Phase 2 Phase II Study of Tipifarnib in Squamous Head and Neck Cancer With HRAS Mutations Completed
  34. Phase 2 Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Vandetanib in Japanese Patients With Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Completed
  35. Phase 2 Effect of Lithium Carbonate on Low-Dose Radioiodine Therapy in Early Thyroid Cancer Completed
  36. Phase 2 Study of Lenvatinib in Children and Adolescents With Refractory or Relapsed Solid Malignancies and Young Adults With Osteosarcoma Completed
  37. Phase 2 Study Of AG-013736 In Patients With 131I-Refractory Thyroid Cancer Completed
  38. Phase 2 Bevonescein to Highlight Nerves in Patients Undergoing Head & Neck Surgery Completed
  39. Phase 2 Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid in Treating Patients With Metastatic and/or Locally Advanced or Locally Recurrent Thyroid Cancer Completed
  40. Phase 2 Combination of Temsirolimus and Sorafenib in the Treatment of Radioactive Iodine Refractory Thyroid Cancer Completed
  41. Phase 2 QUILT-3.006 for Recurrent Medullary Thyroid Cancer Completed
  42. Phase 2 Lenvatinib and Pembrolizumab in Differentiated Thyroid Cancers (DTC) Completed
  43. Phase 2 RAD001 for Patients With Radioiodine Refractory Thyroid Cancer Completed
  44. Phase 2 Romidepsin in Treating Patients With Recurrent and/or Metastatic Thyroid Cancer That Has Not Responded to Radioactive Iodine Completed

Showing the 50 most-cited and recently-updated of 79 trials. Browse the full registry →

Trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. Counts describe the research landscape and are not a treatment recommendation. Informational only — not medical advice.

What the trials found For clinicians

Thyroid Cancer: what the trials found

Sorafenib demonstrated statistically significant improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and time to progression (TTP) compared to the control group (p < 0.0001), although no statistically significant difference was observed in overall survival (OS) (p=0.2892).

Vandetanib showed varying outcomes across studies, including a range of percentage changes from baseline in target lesion size (-3.8% to -29.1%) 1. Additionally, the duration of time patients experienced at least one Grade 2 or higher adverse event within the first 12 months was not significantly different between groups (p=0.199) 3.

Lenvatinib was evaluated in multiple trials; data indicates that a specific number of patients experienced Grade 3+ adverse events during treatment 16.

Recent results — preliminary, needs further review

  • Dabrafenib was evaluated in a Phase 2 trial (N=53) but is not yet corroborated.

For the clinician treating this condition

  • Sorafenib provides statistically significant improvements in progression-free survival and time to progression, though it does not significantly impact overall survival.
  • Vandetanib shows measurable impacts on target lesion size, with safety profiles regarding Grade 2+ adverse events showing no significant difference between cohorts in specific study populations.

AI synthesis of 3 cited trials, updated Aug 7, 2026. Informational only — not medical advice; trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. How we use AI.

HCP Mode — summaries include clinical detail, trial data, and statistical outcomes.
Patient Mode — summaries use plain language, avoiding clinical jargon.
MIRA is feasible and safe for thyroid cancer but requires longer operative times than COA
ENT (Otolaryngology) Meta-analysis
MIRA is feasible and safe for thyroid cancer but requires longer operative times than COA Robotic and Endoscopic Surgery Show Safety for Thyroid Cancer
This meta-analysis of 1626 patients compares minimally invasive remote approaches (MIRA) to conventional open approach (COA) for thyroid can…
Minimally invasive thyroid surgery shows similar safety results to traditional methods, though it may take longer for surgeons to complete.
Oct 8, 2026
Vitamin D and gut microbiota interact to regulate immunity and improve bioavailability in thyroid disorders
Diabetes & Endocrinology Sys. Review
Vitamin D and gut microbiota interact to regulate immunity and improve bioavailability in thyroid disorders Vitamin D and gut health may help manage thyroid disorders
This systematic review explores the interplay between Vitamin D and gut microbiota in patients with thyroid disorders, including autoimmune …
New research highlights how vitamin D and gut bacteria work together to support the immune system in people with thyroid conditions.
Frontiers Sep 19, 2026
High-frequency ultrasound serves as a complementary tool for recurrent laryngeal nerve management in thyroid cancer
Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Sys. Review
High-frequency ultrasound serves as a complementary tool for recurrent laryngeal nerve management in thyroid cancer High-frequency ultrasound helps monitor nerves during thyroid cancer surgery
This systematic review evaluates the clinical utility of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) for managing the recurrent laryngeal nerve during …
New research shows high-frequency ultrasound can help surgeons protect the nerve that controls the voice during thyroid cancer surgery.
Frontiers Sep 8, 2026
Tumor immune microenvironment heterogeneity between thyroid and colorectal cancer drives distinct immune evasion mechanisms
Allergy & Immunology Sys. Review
Tumor immune microenvironment heterogeneity between thyroid and colorectal cancer drives distinct immune evasion mechanisms Thyroid and colorectal cancers differ in immune environment
This systematic review compares the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in thyroid cancer and colorectal cancer. The authors find marked he…
Thyroid and colorectal cancers show distinct immune microenvironments, which may affect how they respond to immunotherapy.
Frontiers Sep 5, 2026
Locally advanced thyroid cancer is associated with increased rates of difficult airway and tracheal invasion
Oncology Meta-analysis
Locally advanced thyroid cancer is associated with increased rates of difficult airway and tracheal invasion New data reveals risks and surgical outcomes for thyroid cancer
This meta-analysis of 6142 patients with thyroid cancer, including those with locally advanced and complex disease, identifies significant r…
New data highlights the risks of airway issues and nerve damage for patients facing complex or advanced thyroid cancer cases.
Sep 1, 2026
PFAS compounds show inverse associations with thyroid and invasive breast cancer risks
OB/GYN & Women's Health Meta-analysis
PFAS compounds show inverse associations with thyroid and invasive breast cancer risks Chemical exposure and its link to thyroid and breast cancer risks
This meta-analysis evaluates the association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and risks of thyroid and breast cancer. The …
New data looks at how certain industrial chemicals might affect the risk of developing thyroid and breast cancers.
Sep 1, 2026
PFOA exposure linked to modest kidney and breast cancer risk in meta-analysis
Oncology Meta-analysis
PFOA exposure linked to modest kidney and breast cancer risk in meta-analysis PFOA exposure tied to higher kidney and breast cancer risk
This meta-analysis of 34 datasets found that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure is associated with a modest increase in kidney cancer ri…
A new analysis links PFOA, a common chemical, to a modest rise in kidney and breast cancer risk. Liver and thyroid cancers showed no clear l…
Aug 2, 2026
Coastal regions show higher thyroid cancer prevalence while inland areas have more goiter and hypothyroidism
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
Coastal regions show higher thyroid cancer prevalence while inland areas have more goiter and hypothyroidism Geographic Location Linked to Different Types of Thyroid Disorders
This systematic review examines the impact of geography, iodine status, and environmental pollutants on thyroid disorders. Findings indicate…
Research shows that coastal and inland regions have different rates of thyroid conditions like cancer, goiters, and hypothyroidism.
Frontiers Jul 21, 2026
Immune microenvironment characterization provides a framework for precision immunotherapy in various thyroid cancer types
Hematology Sys. Review
Immune microenvironment characterization provides a framework for precision immunotherapy in various thyroid cancer types New Model Identifies Immune Pathways in Thyroid Cancer Treatment
This systematic review synthesizes the immune evolution of thyroid cancer from autoimmune-driven inflammation to exhausted states in advance…
A new framework maps how immune cells change in thyroid cancer, helping researchers identify better ways to target tumors and overcome treat…
Frontiers Jul 2, 2026
Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Shows Diagnostic and Prognostic Value in Thyroid Cancer
Allergy & Immunology Meta-analysis
Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Shows Diagnostic and Prognostic Value in Thyroid Cancer Immune Index Shows Link to Lymph Node Spread in Thyroid Cancer
A meta-analysis evaluated the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) for diagnosing thyroid cancer and predicting lymph node metastasis. S…
A new analysis suggests that a specific immune marker could help doctors identify thyroid cancer and predict if it has spread to lymph nodes…
Frontiers Jun 26, 2026
Early genomic profiling optimizes treatment selection and expands precision therapy options across thyroid cancer subtypes
Diabetes & Endocrinology Guideline
Early genomic profiling optimizes treatment selection and expands precision therapy options across thyroid cancer subtypes Targeted therapies expand options for advanced thyroid cancer
This narrative review discusses molecular profiling and targeted therapies for patients with advanced, recurrent, or radioiodine-refractory …
New review shows molecular profiling can unlock more personalized treatments for people with advanced thyroid cancer.
Frontiers Jun 6, 2026
Gut microbiota and metabolites may influence autoimmune thyroid disease, thyroid dysfunction, and thyroid cancer
Diabetes & Endocrinology Sys. Review
Gut microbiota and metabolites may influence autoimmune thyroid disease, thyroid dysfunction, and thyroid cancer Gut bacteria may hold clues to treating autoimmune thyroid diseases
This narrative review synthesizes evidence on gut microbiota and its metabolites in autoimmune thyroid diseases, thyroid dysfunction, and th…
A review suggests gut bacteria and their chemicals might help manage thyroid problems. This offers new ways to think about treatment options…
Frontiers May 28, 2026

Questions about Thyroid Cancer

Are there links between paraganglioma and thyroid cancer lymph node spread?

Some inherited gene mutations can raise the risk of both paraganglioma and thyroid cancer, but the sources do not show that paraganglioma directly causes thyroid cancer lymph node spread.

Full answer →
Does the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index predict lymph node metastasis in Thyroid Cancer?

Yes, the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) can help predict lymph node metastasis in thyroid cancer, with studies showing moderate diagnostic accuracy.

Full answer →
Can immune microenvironment characterization help with precision immunotherapy for Thyroid Cancer?

Yes, immune microenvironment characterization helps identify immune subtypes and biomarkers to guide precision immunotherapy in thyroid cancer, especially for aggressive forms.

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Is encorafenib plus binimetinib effective for BRAF V600E mutated Thyroid Cancer?

Yes, encorafenib plus binimetinib is effective for BRAF V600E-mutated thyroid cancer, with a 54.5% objective response rate in a phase 2 trial, including responses in both differentiated and anaplastic subtypes.

Full answer →
Does the gut microbiome affect the development of Thyroid Cancer?

Yes, the gut microbiome likely influences thyroid cancer development through immune regulation, hormone metabolism, and metabolite production, though direct evidence in humans is still limited.

Full answer →
Can the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index help diagnose Thyroid Cancer?

Yes, the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) shows moderate diagnostic accuracy for thyroid cancer, with pooled sensitivity of 76.8% and specificity of 71.2% based on a meta-analysis.

Full answer →
See all 6 questions about Thyroid Cancer →

All Thyroid Cancer Articles