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Type 2 Diabetes

Part of Diabetes

Subtypes of Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 61

269 published articles · Updated continuously

Clinical Trial Landscape

Clinical Trials for Type 2 Diabetes

346 trials tracked for Type 2 Diabetes: 156 in phase 3 or 4 and 64 with published results. The most-cited published study has 707 citations.

346Trials tracked
156Phase 3 & 4
0Recruiting
64With published results
Phase distribution
Phase 4 62 Phase 3 94 Phase 2 32 Phase 1 14 Other / NA 144
  1. Phase 3 A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Obesity or Are Overweight Completed · 707 cited
  2. Phase 3 A Study Comparing Dulaglutide With Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and Moderate or Severe Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Completed · 641 cited
  3. Phase 3 Add-on to Thiazolidinedione (TZD) Failures Completed · 404 cited
  4. Phase 3 A Pilot Study of BMS-512148 in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 362 cited
  5. Phase 3 A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) Versus Placebo in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Insulin Glargine With or Without Metformin Completed · 336 cited
  6. Phase 3 An Efficacy & Safety Study of BMS-512148 in Combination With Metformin Extended Release Tablets Completed · 315 cited
Show 44 more trials
  1. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine/ Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination Compared to Insulin Glargine Alone and Lixisenatide Alone on Top of Metformin in Patients With T2DM Completed · 270 cited
  2. Phase 4 A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Long-term Treatment With BELVIQ (Lorcaserin HCl) on the Incidence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Conversion to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Obese and Overweight Subjects With Cardiovascular Disease or Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Factors Completed · 264 cited
  3. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of the Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination Versus Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 257 cited
  4. Phase 4 Effect of Liraglutide on Epicardial Fat in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 246 cited
  5. Phase 3 A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) Compared to Dulaglutide in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 213 cited
  6. Phase 4 An Investigation Into The Anti-hypertensive And Potential Anti-inflammatory Actions Of Dapagliflozin Completed · 192 cited
  7. Phase 3 RISE Pediatric Medication Study Completed · 176 cited
  8. Phase 4 Sitagliptin Therapy in Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 167 cited
  9. Phase 3 Safety and Efficacy of Dapagliflozin in Triple Therapy to Treat Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 151 cited
  10. Phase 3 A Study of Dulaglutide (LY2189265) in Children and Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 144 cited
  11. Phase 3 A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) Versus Insulin Lispro (U100) in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Insulin Glargine (U100) With or Without Metformin Completed · 138 cited
  12. Phase 4 FLuctuATion Reduction With inSULin and Glp-1 Added togetheR (FLAT-SUGAR) Completed · 134 cited
  13. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Lixisenatide Versus Insulin Glulisine on Top of Insulin Glargine With or Without Metformin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Completed · 131 cited
  14. Phase 4 The Effect of Liraglutide Treatment on Postprandial Chylomicron and VLDL Kinetics, Liver Fat and de Novo Lipogenesis Completed · 130 cited
  15. Phase 4 The INDORSE Study: Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV: Outcomes on Renal Sodium Excretion Completed · 103 cited
  16. Phase 3 Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes (ACT NOW) Completed · 102 cited
  17. Phase 4 Glargine Dosing in Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Renal Insufficiency Completed · 101 cited
  18. Phase 4 Relationship Between Insulin Resistance and Statin Induced Type 2 Diabetes, and Integrative Personal Omics Profiling Completed · 98 cited
  19. Phase 3 Vitamin D for Established Type 2 Diabetes (DDM2) Completed · 97 cited
  20. Phase 3 A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin With or Without Sulfonylurea (SURPASS-AP-Combo) Completed · 97 cited
  21. Phase 3 A Study of Orforglipron (LY3502970) in Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Inadequate Glycemic Control With Diet and Exercise Alone Completed · 94 cited
  22. Phase 3 Safety and Efficacy of Saxagliptin in Triple Therapy to Treat Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 86 cited
  23. Phase 4 Exenatide Inpatient Trial: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial on the Safety and Efficacy of Exenatide (Byetta®) Therapy for the Inpatient Management of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 84 cited
  24. Phase 3 Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Dapagliflozin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Aged 10-24 Years Completed · 84 cited
  25. Phase 3 Evaluation of Evolocumab (AMG 145) Efficacy in Diabetic Adults With Hypercholesterolemia/Mixed Dyslipidemia Completed · 71 cited
  26. Phase 4 Effects of Metformin on Hepatic FFA Metabolism Completed · 64 cited
  27. Phase 4 Myocardial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Completed · 63 cited
  28. Phase 4 Liraglutide and Peripheral Artery Disease Completed · 53 cited
  29. Phase 3 Effect of Vildagliptin vs. Glibenclamide on Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cell Number Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 53 cited
  30. Phase 4 Effect of Saxagliptin on EPCs as a Cellular Biomarker for Evaluating Endothelial Dysfunction in Early T2DM Patients Completed · 51 cited
  31. Phase 3 A Study of Insulin Efsitora Alfa (LY3209590) Compared to Degludec in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Who Are Starting Basal Insulin for the First Time Completed · 51 cited
  32. Phase 4 Glargine U300 Hospital Trial Completed · 47 cited
  33. Phase 4 Linagliptin's Effect on CD34+ Stem Cells Completed · 46 cited
  34. Phase 4 The Health Influences of Puberty (HIP) Study Completed · 45 cited
  35. Phase 3 RISE Adult Medication Study Completed · 45 cited
  36. Phase 3 Study to Assess the Efficacy of Liraglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 44 cited
  37. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Lixisenatide Versus Placebo on Top of Basal Insulin and/or Oral Antidiabetic Treatment in Older Type 2 Diabetic Patients Completed · 38 cited
  38. Phase 4 Examination of the Anti-inflammatory and Insulin Sensitizing Properties of Doxycycline in Humans Completed · 36 cited
  39. Phase 4 Effect of Pentoxifylline on Proteinuria in Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients Completed · 36 cited
  40. Phase 3 Study to Assess Safety & Efficacy of Sitagliptin as Initial Oral Therapy for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Pediatric Participants. (MK-0431-083) Completed · 32 cited
  41. Phase 3 A Study of Insulin Efsitora Alfa (LY3209590) Compared to Glargine in Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Who Are Starting Basal Insulin for the First Time (QWINT-1) Completed · 26 cited
  42. Phase 4 Insulin Degludec and Glargine U100 for Management of Hospitalized and Discharged Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 25 cited
  43. Phase 3 A Study of Insulin Efsitora Alfa (LY3209590) Compared With Insulin Degludec in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Currently Treated With Basal Insulin Completed · 23 cited
  44. Phase 3 A Study of Insulin Efsitora Alfa (LY3209590) as a Weekly Basal Insulin Compared to Insulin Glargine in Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes on Multiple Daily Injections Completed · 23 cited

Showing the 50 most-cited and recently-updated of 346 trials. Browse the full registry →

Trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. Counts describe the research landscape and are not a treatment recommendation. Informational only — not medical advice.

What the trials found Updated — new results For clinicians

Type 2 Diabetes: what the trials found

Orforglipron demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing HbA1c levels from baseline, with a reported reduction of -1.59 to -1.26 across study arms (p<0.001) 2. This treatment also significantly improved the proportion of patients achieving target HbA1c values below 7.0% and 6.5% 2.

Lorcaserin hydrochloride was shown to significantly reduce HbA1c levels in patients with T2DM at baseline (p<0.0001) 22. There was no significant difference between groups regarding the development or worsening of FDA-defined valvulopathy 22.

Subgingival chlorhexidine irrigation showed a statistically significant association between improvements in oral health (specifically probing depth) and improvements in systemic health (HbA1c) 1. However, it did not show a significant impact on oral health measures alone or an association with flow-mediated dilation 1.

Recent results — preliminary, needs further review

  • T2.coach was associated with lower mean HbA1c values compared to control groups (p=0.0085) 5.
  • A CGM-based titration algorithm in DiAs significantly improved Time in Range (3.9-10.0 mmol/L) and reduced Time Above 10.0 mmol/L (p=0.001) 16.
  • The DASH4D diet was associated with significant improvements in Systolic Blood Pressure (p<0.001) 6.
  • Multi-Caregiving Intervention showed a mean reduction in HbA1c of 0.53 to 0.57 over 6 months 9.

For the clinician treating this condition

  • Orforglipron is an established option for reducing HbA1c and achieving glycemic targets 2.
  • Lorcaserin hydrochloride provides significant reduction in HbA1c in patients with T2DM 22.
  • Oral health improvements (via subgingival chlorhexidine) are significantly associated with improved systemic HbA1c levels 1.

AI synthesis of 7 cited trials, updated Jun 21, 2026. Informational only — not medical advice; trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. How we use AI.

Type 2 Diabetes: current evidence & treatments

Multiple pharmacological interventions show efficacy in type 2 diabetes management. SGLT2 inhibitors reduce all-cause mortality in heart transplant recipients 1 and provide robust prognostic benefits in heart failure 4, but increase diabetic ketoacidosis risk, especially with elevated HbA1c 22. GLP-1 receptor agonists may reduce cognitive decline 8 and show no increased ocular disorder risk 17, while semaglutide reduces kidney decline or death in chronic kidney disease 6. Metformin is associated with higher lactate concentrations during exercise 5, and paternal use shows no increased risk of major congenital malformations 23. Thiazolidinediones show lower hepatocellular carcinoma risk compared to other classes 21, and GLP-1RAs show lower risk of serious liver events versus DPP-4 inhibitors 18.

Lifestyle and behavioral interventions are effective. Resistance training reduces HbA1c by 0.62% and systolic blood pressure by 3.91 mmHg 24. Multicomponent behavioral interventions achieve sustained HbA1c reduction of 1.84% at 12-36 months 25. Eating later in the biological day is associated with impaired glucose regulation 14. Real-time continuous glucose monitoring improves HbA1c versus self-monitoring 19. Metabolic subtypes identify Japanese adults with prediabetes at different T2D risk 13. Preoperative comorbidities like type 2 diabetes are linked to reduced weight loss after bariatric surgery 7.

Genetic and molecular studies reveal insights into diabetes pathophysiology. Transcriptomic analysis identifies 337 high-confidence T2D-associated genes in pancreatic islets 3. A multi-ancestry meta-analysis identifies 37 loci linked to gestational diabetes, 7 novel 15. AI-driven cardiovascular risk prediction shows promise but bias and lack of diversity limit clinical use 16. Case reports highlight rare adverse effects: voglibose may cause leukopenia 10, and single-incision sleeve plus bypass shows short-term safety in 3 patients 2.

Key drugs in the evidence

semaglutide 23 SGLT2 inhibitors 19 metformin 17 GLP-1 receptor agonists 17 dapagliflozin 16 tirzepatide 8 liraglutide 6 DPP-4 inhibitors 6 insulin 6 placebo 5

Latest findings

AI-generated synthesis of 21 cited studies, updated Jun 12, 2026. How we use AI.

HCP Mode — summaries include clinical detail, trial data, and statistical outcomes.
Patient Mode — summaries use plain language, avoiding clinical jargon.

Research across Diabetes

Related studies from across the Diabetes family.

Bibliometric analysis reveals expanding multidisciplinary research landscape for diabetes-related hearing loss
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Exercise ameliorates both type 1 and type 2 diabetes through multiple mechanisms
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SSRIs show significant reduction in depressive symptoms only when used for 6 months or longer
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
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Meta-analysis examining the association between diabetes mellitus and low back pain
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
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Age, male sex, low BMI, and comorbidities like diabetes are significant risk factors for sepsis incidence
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Maternal type 1 diabetes exposure associated with lower offspring risk of developing the condition
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
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Automated insulin delivery increases time-in-range by 9.88% in young children with type 1 diabetes
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
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Early tirofiban improves functional outcomes in non-DM ischemic stroke patients but not in DM
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A new look at trial data suggests a common stroke medication works better for some patients than others based on their diabetes status.
Streptozotocin and high-fat diets are common methods for establishing diabetic neurogenic bladder animal models
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Smartphone app intervention resulted in a -0.13 reduction in HbA1c for patients with diabetes after CABG
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Questions about Type 2 Diabetes

Do GLP-1RAs help improve walking distance for those with diabetes and Peripheral Artery Disease?

Yes, GLP-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide, semaglutide) improve walking distance in people with type 2 diabetes and peripheral artery disease, based on a 2025 meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Full answer →
What common genes link Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and type 2 diabetes according to recent studies?

Recent studies link PCOS and type 2 diabetes through shared genetic variants, notably the insulin gene VNTR and epigenetic changes in metabolism-related genes.

Full answer →
What are the standard treatment options available for someone with Type 2 Diabetes?

Standard treatment for type 2 diabetes includes lifestyle changes (diet, exercise), metformin, other medications like GLP-1 agonists (e.g., semaglutide, tirzepatide), and sometimes insulin, along with monitoring blood sugar and managing cardiovascular risk.

Full answer →
What are the best lifestyle changes to manage Type 2 Diabetes effectively?

A Mediterranean diet, regular physical activity, weight loss, and digital health tools can effectively manage type 2 diabetes, with medication support as needed.

Full answer →