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Home › Conditions › Bladder Cancer

Bladder Cancer

13 published articles · Updated continuously

Clinical Trial Landscape

Clinical Trials for Bladder Cancer

168 trials tracked for Bladder Cancer: 20 in phase 3 or 4 and 9 with published results. The most-cited published study has 1428 citations.

168Trials tracked
20Phase 3 & 4
0Recruiting
9With published results
Phase distribution
Phase 4 4 Phase 3 16 Phase 2 104 Phase 1 15 Other / NA 29
  1. Phase 3 A Study of Atezolizumab Compared With Chemotherapy in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Bladder Cancer [IMvigor211] Completed · 1,428 cited
  2. Phase 3 A Study to Evaluate Enfortumab Vedotin Versus (vs) Chemotherapy in Subjects With Previously Treated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer (EV-301) Completed · 1,185 cited
  3. Phase 3 ADSTILADRIN (=INSTILADRIN) in Patients With High-Grade, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Unresponsive Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) Completed · 449 cited
  4. Phase 3 S0337, Gemcitabine After Surgery in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed or Recurrent Bladder Cancer Completed · 237 cited
  5. Phase 4 Health Education Counseling With or Without Bupropion in Helping African Americans Stop Smoking Completed · 112 cited
  6. Phase 3 A Study of Blue Light Flexible Cystoscopy With Cysview in the Detection of Bladder Cancer in the Surveillance Setting Completed · 109 cited
Show 44 more trials
  1. Phase 3 Gemcitabine Hydrochloride and Cisplatin With or Without Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Advanced Urinary Tract Cancer Completed · 58 cited
  2. Phase 3 The Bladder Instillation Comparison Study Completed · 39 cited
  3. Phase 4 Comparison of Obturator Nerve Blockade and Neuromuscular Blockade Completed · 10 cited
  4. Phase 4 Investigation of Sugammadex in Outpatient Urological Procedures Completed
  5. Phase 4 Counseling and Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Helping Adult Smokers Quit Smoking Completed
  6. Phase 3 Single Dose Intravesical Apaziquone Postoperative in Patients Undergoing TURBT for Noninvasive Bladder Cancer (SPI-611) Completed
  7. Phase 3 Single Dose Intravesical Apaziquone Postoperative in Patients Undergoing TURBT for Noninvasive Bladder Cancer (SPI-612) Completed
  8. Phase 3 Gabapentin in Reducing the Need for Pain Medication in Patients With Bladder Cancer Undergoing Radical Cystectomy Completed
  9. Phase 3 Vicinium Treatment for Subjects With Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Previously Treated With BCG Completed
  10. Phase 3 A Study of Nivolumab Plus Bempegaldesleukin (Bempeg/NKTR-214) vs Nivolumab Alone vs Standard of Care in Participants With Bladder Cancer That May Have Invaded The Muscle Wall of the Bladder and Who Cannot Get Cisplatin, A Type of Medicine Given To Treat Bladder Cancer Completed
  11. Phase 3 Feasibility of Home Instillation of UGN-102 for Treatment of Low-Grade (LG) Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) Completed
  12. Phase 3 Comparative Study of Hexvix Blue Light Cystoscopy and White Light Cystoscopy in the Detection of Bladder Cancer Completed
  13. Phase 3 A Randomized, Comparative Study of Hexvix Fluorescence Cystoscopy and Standard Cystoscopy in Patients With Non-invasive Bladder Cancer Completed
  14. Phase 3 Study to Improve Detection and Early Recurrence Rate in Bladder Cancer Patients Using Hexvix Fluorescence Cystoscopy Completed
  15. Phase 2 Study of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin With or Without Cetuximab in Urothelial Cancer Completed
  16. Phase 2 RAD001 and Intravesical Gemcitabine in BCG-Refractory Primary or Secondary Carcinoma In Situ of the Bladder Completed
  17. Phase 2 Nivolumab and RT in Treating Patients With Localized/Locally Advanced Urothelial Bladder Cancer Ineligible for Chemo Completed
  18. Phase 2 Phase II Study of Isoflavone G-2535 (Genistein) in Patients With Bladder Cancer Completed
  19. Phase 2 Avelumab in Combination With Fluorouracil and Mitomycin or Cisplatin and Radiation Therapy in Treating Participants With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Completed
  20. Phase 2 A Study of Tremelimumab and IV Durvalumab Plus Poly-ICLC in Subjects With Biopsy-accessible Cancers Completed
  21. Phase 2 Sirolimus, Cisplatin, and Gemcitabine Hydrochloride in Treating Patients With Bladder Cancer Completed
  22. Phase 2 Pembrolizumab and Combination Chemotherapy Before Surgery for the Treatment of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Completed
  23. Phase 2 Bupropion in Helping Adults Stop Smoking Completed
  24. Phase 2 Tisotumab Vedotin Continued Treatment in Patients With Solid Tumors. Completed
  25. Phase 2 Acupuncture for the Treatment of Intravesical BCG-Related Adverse Events in High-Risk Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Completed
  26. Phase 2 Evaluating Immune Therapy, Durvalumab (MEDI4736) With Tremelimumab for Metastatic, Non-transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Tract Completed
  27. Phase 2 Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Stage I Bladder Cancer Completed
  28. Phase 2 Study of Regorafenib for Urothelial Cancer Following Chemotherapy (UAB 1477) Completed
  29. Phase 2 Genomic Based Assignment of Therapy in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Completed
  30. Phase 2 Evaluation of NanoDoce® in Participants With Urothelial Carcinoma Completed
  31. Phase 2 Sunitinib in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced Bladder Cancer Completed
  32. Phase 2 Study of Tislelizumab in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Bladder Cancer Completed
  33. Phase 2 Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Adriamycin and Cisplatin (M-VAC) Plus Avastin in Patients With Urothelial Cancer Completed
  34. Phase 2 Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Stage II or Stage III Bladder Cancer That Was Removed by Surgery Completed
  35. Phase 2 VEGF Trap in Treating Patients With Recurrent, Locally Advanced, or Metastatic Cancer of the Urothelium Completed
  36. Phase 2 Intravesical Administration of rAd-IFN/Syn3 in Patients With BCG-Refractory or Relapsed Bladder Cancer Completed
  37. Phase 2 Phase II Pazopanib in Combination With Weekly Paclitaxel in Refractory Urothelial Cancer Completed
  38. Phase 2 Trial of Gemcitabine, Carboplatin, and Sorafenib in Chemotherapy-naive Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Bladder Carcinoma Completed
  39. Phase 2 2 Phase Comparison of Pre-operative CT and PET Images for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Completed
  40. Phase 2 Cisplatin and Gemcitabine Hydrochloride With or Without Berzosertib in Treating Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Cancer Completed
  41. Phase 2 Copanlisib (BAY 80-6946) in Combination With Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma Completed
  42. Phase 2 Intravesicular Abraxane for Treatment-Refractory Bladder Cancer Completed
  43. Phase 2 Study of Tremelimumab in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Completed
  44. Phase 2 A Single-Arm Study of Bempegaldesleukin (NKTR-214) Plus Nivolumab in Cisplatin Ineligible Patients Who Have Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer Completed

Showing the 50 most-cited and recently-updated of 168 trials. Browse the full registry →

Trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. Counts describe the research landscape and are not a treatment recommendation. Informational only — not medical advice.

What the trials found Updated — new results For clinicians

Bladder Cancer: what the trials found

Enfortumab Vedotin demonstrated superior efficacy compared to the control in patients with bladder cancer, showing a statistically significant improvement in Overall Survival (OS) (12.88 vs 8.97; p=0.00142), Progression Free Survival (PFS1) (5.55 vs 3.71; p<0.00001), and Overall Response Rate (ORR) (40.6% vs 17.9%; p<0.001) 13.

Gemcitabine hydrochloride was associated with a significantly lower disease recurrence rate compared to the control (27.86% vs 40%; p=0.01), though no significant difference was found in the rate of progression to muscle invasive disease at 4 years (2.49% vs 4.39%; p=0.23) 15.

Hexaminolevulinate hydrochloride, utilized in both a Phase 3 study 19 and a trial evaluating blue light cystoscopy 16, showed that Blue Light Cystoscopy with Cysview significantly increased the detection of histologically confirmed malignancies (13%) and Carcinoma in Situ (CIS) lesions (9%) compared to white light cystoscopy (p<0.0001) 16.

Bevacizumab did not show a statistically significant difference in Overall Survival between groups (14.5 vs 14.3; p=0.1707) 17. Vicinium demonstrated a Complete Response Rate of 39% at 3 months, which decreased over subsequent follow-up periods up to 24 months (13%) 22.

Recent results — preliminary, needs further review

  • Cabazitaxel + Cisplatin chemotherapy showed a 5-year Progression Free Survival after cystectomy of 61.5% and an Overall Survival of 65.4% 2.
  • The Cancer Resource Information Support (CRIS) did not show statistically significant differences in patient quality of life, caregiver quality of life, or infection rates 6.
  • Studies are ongoing/recent for combinations including IO102-IO103 with pembrolizumab 1, L-NMMA 3, and 89Zr-TLX250 4.

For the clinician treating this condition

  • Enfortumab Vedotin is associated with superior OS, PFS, and ORR compared to standard controls in bladder cancer patients 13.
  • Gemcitabine hydrochloride significantly reduces the rate of disease recurrence 15.
  • Blue Light Cystoscopy with Cysview (utilizing Hexaminolevulinate) provides a statistically significant advantage in detecting malignancies and CIS lesions over white light cystoscopy 16.

AI synthesis of 11 cited trials, updated Jun 21, 2026. Informational only — not medical advice; trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. How we use AI.

HCP Mode — summaries include clinical detail, trial data, and statistical outcomes.
Patient Mode — summaries use plain language, avoiding clinical jargon.
Radiomics and spatial omics offer theoretical framework for precision bladder cancer care
Allergy & Immunology Sys. Review
Radiomics and spatial omics offer theoretical framework for precision bladder cancer care New Imaging and Spatial Data Help Map Bladder Cancer
This systematic review synthesizes evidence on radiomics and spatial omics for characterizing the bladder cancer immune microenvironment. It…
Advanced imaging and spatial mapping offer new ways to study the complex environment around bladder cancer tumors.
Frontiers Jul 8, 2026
Stapled ileo-ileal anastomosis shows no significant difference from hand-sewn for perioperative outcomes in bladder cancer
Urology Meta-analysis
Stapled ileo-ileal anastomosis shows no significant difference from hand-sewn for perioperative outcomes in bladder cancer Stapled vs hand-sewn bowel connection: similar outcomes
This meta-analysis of 529 patients compares stapled and hand-sewn ileo-ileal anastomosis following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Th…
For bladder cancer patients, stapled and hand-sewn bowel connections after bladder removal have similar safety and recovery, with only tiny …
Jul 5, 2026
Immune-mediated approaches like BCG and oncolytic viruses show the most advanced clinical translation in bladder cancer
Urology Sys. Review
Immune-mediated approaches like BCG and oncolytic viruses show the most advanced clinical translation in bladder cancer Living cancer therapies show promise for bladder cancer
This narrative review examines Living Cancer Therapeutics (LCTs), including bacteria, viruses, and microbiome-based oncobiotics for urinary …
A review finds five ways living therapies like bacteria and viruses could fight bladder cancer, but most are still early-stage.
Frontiers Jun 23, 2026
Radiomics-based machine learning achieves high AUROC for preoperative risk stratification in bladder cancer
Oncology Meta-analysis
Radiomics-based machine learning achieves high AUROC for preoperative risk stratification in bladder cancer Machine Learning May Help Identify Risks in Bladder Cancer
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 57 studies involving 11,933 participants evaluated radiomics-based machine learning for preopera…
New analysis shows machine learning can help identify muscle invasion and tumor grades in patients with bladder cancer using imaging data.
Jun 16, 2026
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy associated with superior survival over carboplatin in advanced bladder cancer
Oncology Meta-analysis
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy associated with superior survival over carboplatin in advanced bladder cancer Cisplatin shows better survival for patients with bladder cancer
This meta-analysis of 2543 patients found that cisplatin-based regimens are associated with significantly better overall survival and cancer…
New data reveals that cisplatin-based chemotherapy leads to longer survival than carboplatin for many people with advanced bladder cancer.
Jun 13, 2026
Orthotopic neobladder techniques show comparable functional outcomes in bladder cancer
Oncology Meta-analysis
Orthotopic neobladder techniques show comparable functional outcomes in bladder cancer Best bladder reconstruction technique? New analysis compares 14 options
This network meta-analysis of 1,129 patients compared 14 orthotopic neobladder reconstruction techniques after radical cystectomy for bladde…
A new analysis of 14 bladder reconstruction techniques finds most perform similarly, but some may offer better continence or urine flow.
Frontiers Jun 10, 2026
Minimally invasive cystectomy reduces blood loss and transfusions but extends operative time
Oncology Sys. Review
Minimally invasive cystectomy reduces blood loss and transfusions but extends operative time Minimally invasive bladder cancer surgery cuts blood loss and speeds recovery compared to open operations
This systematic review and network meta-analysis of 1270 patients with bladder cancer compared open, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted radica…
A new analysis of 1270 patients shows minimally invasive bladder cancer surgery reduces blood loss and complications compared to open operat…
May 29, 2026
Overweight and obesity linked to increased bladder cancer risk in males in meta-analysis
Oncology Meta-analysis
Overweight and obesity linked to increased bladder cancer risk in males in meta-analysis Higher BMI and waist size linked to bladder cancer risk in men
This meta-analysis of 30 international cohort studies with 2,533,008 participants found that higher BMI and waist circumference are associat…
Large analysis shows higher body weight and waist size increase bladder cancer risk in men, but not women.
May 24, 2026
Active Surveillance Noninferior to BCG in High-Grade T1 Bladder Cancer
Drug Pipeline RCT
Active Surveillance Noninferior to BCG in High-Grade T1 Bladder Cancer For Some Bladder Cancer Patients, Watching and Waiting Beats Treatment
This phase 3 randomized trial compared active surveillance with intravesical BCG in 263 patients with high-grade T1 bladder cancer and no re…
A major trial found that for certain bladder cancer patients who had all visible tumor removed, simply monitoring closely worked just as wel…
May 9, 2026
BCG plus mitomycin did not improve disease-free survival versus BCG alone in high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients
Drug Pipeline RCT
BCG plus mitomycin did not improve disease-free survival versus BCG alone in high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients Adding mitomycin to bladder cancer treatment did not improve survival compared to bacillus calmette-guerin alone in this trial
This randomized Phase 3 trial enrolled 501 BCG-naive patients with high-grade pTa or any grade pT1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The s…
Doctors tested adding mitomycin to standard bladder cancer therapy. Patients receiving both drugs did not live longer without disease than t…
May 7, 2026
Systematic review of 2025 RCTs identifies new standards of care across genitourinary cancers
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
Systematic review of 2025 RCTs identifies new standards of care across genitourinary cancers New standards of care established for bladder, kidney, prostate, testicular, and penile cancers in 2025
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 40 phase II/III RCTs in patients with bladder, kidney, prostate, testicular, and penile cancers fou…
New 2025 standards of care for bladder, kidney, prostate, testicular, and penile cancers now emphasize biomarker-driven strategies and immun…
Frontiers Apr 9, 2026
Phase II trial finds adding gemcitabine to cisplatin-radiotherapy does not improve 2-year disease-free survival in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Urology RCT
Phase II trial finds adding gemcitabine to cisplatin-radiotherapy does not improve 2-year disease-free survival in muscle-invasive bladder cancer Adding gemcitabine to cisplatin did not improve disease-free survival in bladder cancer patients
A Phase II randomized trial in 69 patients with pT2-pT3N0M0 muscle-invasive bladder cancer found similar 2-year disease-free survival (58.3%…
Adding gemcitabine to cisplatin radiotherapy did not improve disease-free survival for bladder cancer patients, with similar two-year rates …
Apr 8, 2026

Questions about Bladder Cancer

Can machine learning help predict risks before surgery for bladder cancer?

Yes, machine learning models using CT scans and clinical data can predict survival and metastasis risk before bladder cancer surgery, with some models achieving high accuracy.

Full answer →
Does adding gemcitabine improve survival for muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients?

Yes, adding gemcitabine to cisplatin-based chemotherapy improves survival for muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients, as shown in the NIAGARA trial.

Full answer →
Does adding mitomycin to BCG help high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer?

No, adding mitomycin to BCG did not improve disease-free survival in high-risk NMIBC patients in a large randomized trial.

Full answer →
Is cisplatin better than carboplatin for surviving advanced bladder cancer?

Yes, cisplatin-based chemotherapy is associated with better overall survival than carboplatin for advanced bladder cancer, but carboplatin is used when patients cannot tolerate cisplatin due to kidney problems or other health issues.

Full answer →

All Bladder Cancer Articles